Bitola (English spelling)

Japanese: ビトラ - びとら(英語表記)Bitola
Bitola (English spelling)

A city in the southern part of the Republic of North Macedonia. It is located in the southern part of the Pelagonia Gorge, at an altitude of 600 meters. Mount Pelister (2601 meters above sea level) rises to the west of the city. It has an area of ​​1798 square kilometers. It has a population of 84,400, and a district population of 117,600 (2003 estimate). In Serbo-Croatian, the name Bitoli was used during the former Yugoslav period. 90.9% of the district's population is Macedonian (1994). During the period of Ottoman rule, it was known as Monastir, a Turkish name meaning monastery. Located on a plateau, it is blessed with the best pastures and is a popular area for livestock farming. Grains, tobacco, madder, and poppies are cultivated. There are also industries in metal, leather, and carpet manufacturing. It has traditionally flourished as a trading center, and it is said that twelve countries once had consulates in the city. There are many schools here, and Kemal Ataturk, a famous reformer of the Ottoman Empire, was educated at the military academy here. At the end of the 19th century, it became the second biggest base of the revolutionary movement after Thessaloniki. However, after the Second Balkan War, Macedonia was divided between Greece, Serbia, and Bulgaria, and borders were established, and connections with other Balkan countries were severed. When the city was rebuilt after World War II, care was taken to preserve traditional architecture, so that even today you can see the prosperity of the past. 80% of the electricity in the Republic of North Macedonia is supplied from here by thermal power plants.

[Chieko Ohba]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

北マケドニア共和国南部の都市。ペラゴニアPelagonija峡谷南部、標高600メートルに位置する。市の西側にはペリステル山(標高2601メートル)がそびえる。面積1798平方キロメートル。人口8万4400、地区人口11万7600(2003推計)。旧ユーゴスラビア時代に使用されたセルビア・クロアチア語ではビトリBitoli。地区の人口の90.9%をマケドニア人が占める(1994)。オスマン帝国支配下にあった時期には、修道院を意味するトルコ語名モナスティールMonastirとして知られた。高原上にあるので、最良の牧草地に恵まれ牧畜が盛ん。穀物、タバコ、アカネ、ケシが栽培されている。金属、皮革、じゅうたん製造の工業もある。伝統的に通商の拠点として栄え、往時には12か国の領事館が存在していたといわれる。学校も多く、オスマン帝国の改革者として有名なケマル・アタチュルクも、ここの軍事アカデミーで教育を受けた。19世紀末にはテッサロニキにつぐ革命運動の拠点となった。しかし、第二次バルカン戦争後にマケドニアがギリシア、セルビア、ブルガリアによって分割され国境が設定されると、ほかのバルカン諸国とのつながりは断たれた。第二次世界大戦後の市街地復興に際しては、伝統的建築物の保存が配慮されたため、いまも往時の繁栄をしのぶことができる。北マケドニア共和国の電力の8割は火力発電によってここから供給されている。

[大庭千恵子]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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