Born in Strasbourg, France, he was a painter, sculptor, and poet active in Germany and France. He first tried his hand at poetry under the influence of German Romanticism, but after 1905 he studied at art schools in Weimar and Paris, and in 1912 he participated in the Blue Rider. In 1916 he helped found Zurich Dada, and in 1920 he developed Cologne Dada. From the mid-1920s he joined the Surrealist movement in Paris, and in 1931 he was involved in the founding of Abstraction-Creation, playing a central role in a series of avant-garde art movements. He produced a wide variety of works, including paintings, collages, colored reliefs, and sculptures, but his distinctive feature is the soft organic form based on the natural generation of life. His words, "Art is the fruit that grows inside man," speak to his creative philosophy, which, while creating so-called abstract forms, he considered his own work to be "concrete." [Shigeo Chiba] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスのストラスブールに生まれ、ドイツ、フランスで活躍した画家、彫刻家、詩人。初めはドイツ・ロマン派の影響下に詩作を試みるが、1905年以降ワイマール、パリの美術学校に学び、1912年「青騎士」に参加。1916年にチューリヒ・ダダの創設に加わり、1920年にはケルン・ダダを展開する。さらに1920年代なかばからはパリでシュルレアリスム運動に参加し、1931年に「抽象―創造」の設立に関与するなど、一連のアバンギャルド芸術運動において中心的な役割を果たした。絵画、コラージュ、彩色レリーフ、彫刻と多様な作品を手がけたが、その特質は生命の自然生成を基本とした柔らかな有機的形体にある。「芸術は、人間の内部で成長する果実である」という彼のことばは、いわゆる抽象的な形体を創造しながらも、自作をあくまでも「具体的」なものと考えていた彼の制作理念を物語っている。 [千葉成夫] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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