Born: March 6, 1812, Naumburg-Andelsaale Died January 29, 1878, Jena. German economist and statistician. Along with W. Roscher and K. Knies, he was a member of the old historical school. After graduating from the University of Leipzig, he went on to the University of Breslau, and in 1841 became a professor at the University of Marburg, but was expelled from the university and went into exile in Switzerland after advocating progressive political ideas at the Hessian Congress in 1849-50. He subsequently served as professor at universities in Zurich and Bern, and after returning to Japan in 1861, he served as professor at universities in Jena. In 1848, he published Die Nationalökonomie der Gegenwart und Zukunft (National Economics of the Present and Future), emphasizing the historical, ethnic, and ethical aspects of the national economy. He criticized the classical school and socialism, and advocated a theory of stages in economic development, focusing on the means of circulation: a real economy, a monetary economy, and a credit economy. He also edited the journal "Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik" (Yearbook of Economics and Statistics) (founded in 1862) together with J. Conrad, and participated in the establishment and operation of the statistical offices in Switzerland and Germany. His other works include "Natural-, Gelt- und Kreditwirtschaft" (64) and others. Hildebrand |
[生]1812.3.6. ナウムブルクアンデルザーレ [没]1878.1.29. イェナ ドイツの経済学者,統計学者。 W.ロッシャー,K.クニースとならぶ旧歴史学派の一人。ライプチヒ大学卒業後,ブレスラウ大学を経て,1841年マールブルク大学教授となったが,49~50年のヘッセン会議で進歩的政治思想を主張したため大学を追われスイスに亡命。その後チューリヒ,ベルン,61年帰国後はイェナの各大学教授を歴任。 48年に『現在および未来の国民経済学』 Die Nationalökonomie der Gegenwart und Zukunftを発表し,国民経済の歴史性,民族性,倫理性を強調した。古典学派と社会主義を批判し,流通手段に着目した現物経済,貨幣経済,信用経済という経済発展段階説を唱えた。さらに経済学と統計学の専門雑誌『経済学・統計学年鑑』"Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik" (1862創刊) を J.コンラートとともに編集するかたわら,スイスやドイツの統計局の設立や運営にも参加した。著作はほかに『現物・貨幣・信用経済』 Natural-,Gelt- und Kreditwirtschaft (64) などがある。 ヒルデブラント
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