Vilar - Jean Vilar

French director and actor. Born in Sète, southern France. In 1933, he went to Paris and was impressed by Durand's performance. The next day, he entered the Atelier Théâtre's acting school, becoming a classmate of Barrault. He went independent in 1942 and attracted attention with his direction of "Danse Macabre" and "Murder in the Cathedral" in 1945. In 1947, he participated in the outdoor play "Richard II" in the courtyard of the Papal Palace, which was the beginning of the Avignon Theater Festival. His imaginative direction, which included local people in minor roles and emphasized music, was well received, and he later developed this outdoor theater festival into a global festival. In 1951, he was appointed general director of TNP (National Popular Theater), and along with Barrault, he built the golden age of postwar French theater. He went freelance in 1963 and the following year he staged "The Oppenheimer Report" and was also involved in the people's opera movement.

[Hideji Ishizawa]

"Encyclopedia of Villar's Theatre" by Jean Villar, translated by Jun Watanabe (1976, Teatro)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

フランスの演出家、俳優。南仏セート生まれ。1933年パリに出てデュランの舞台に感動、翌日アトリエ座の俳優学校に入り、バローと同期になる。42年独立して『死の舞踏』、45年の『寺院の殺人』などの演出で注目を浴びた。47年には、アビニョン演劇祭の発端となる教皇庁中庭の野外劇に『リチャード2世』で参加。端役に土地の人々を加え、音楽を重視したイメージ豊かな演出が好評をよび、以後この野外演劇祭を世界的な祭典に育てた。51年からはTNP(テーエヌペー)（国立民衆劇場）の総監督に任命され、バローと並び戦後フランス演劇の黄金期を築く。63年フリーとなり、翌年『オッペンハイマー調書』を上演したり、民衆オペラ運動にも取り組んだ。

［石澤秀二］

『ジャン・ヴィラール著、渡辺淳訳『ヴィラール演劇の事典』（1976・テアトロ）』

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