Military food (military provisions) - Hyourou

Japanese: 兵粮(兵糧) - ひょうろう

Food for soldiers in wartime. Under the ancient ritsuryo system, six to of dried rice and two sho of salt were set as military rations that should be self-supplied, but according to the Engishiki, there is an example in which 40,000 bundles of publicly-sourced rice in Nagato Province were used as military rations, and under certain conditions, supplementary supplies were sometimes obtained from the national treasury. During the Genpei Civil War at the beginning of the Middle Ages, a new method of procuring military rations appeared in addition to these. This was the collection of rice for military rations in wartime, which was based on the Ikoku Heihei-yaku (average tax on one province) that had been established at the end of the Heian period as a tax system collected by the Imperial Court for temporary national purposes.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

戦時における軍兵の食糧。古代令制では糒（ほしいい）6斗と塩2升が自弁すべき軍糧として定められていたが，《延喜式》によると長門国で公出挙（くすいこ）稲4万束が兵粮料に充てられていた事例があり，特定の条件下では国庫から補われることもあった。中世成立期の源平内乱の時代には，これらに加えて新しい兵粮調達方式が登場する。朝廷が臨時の国家的用途のために徴集する税制として平安末期に形成してきた一国平均役を土台とする，戦時の兵粮米徴集がそれである。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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