John Dowland

Japanese: ダウランド - だうらんど(英語表記)John Dowland
John Dowland

English composer and lutenist. According to his own account, he was born in London, but there are many different theories about this. After working in Paris, Brunswick and Hesse, Rome, Florence, and other places from 1580, he served as lutenist at the court of Christian IV of Denmark from 1598. He returned to England in 1606, and in 1612 became lutenist at the court of James I, working for the royal family until his death. Dowland was a composer of lute songs and solo lute pieces representing the period from Elizabeth I to James I, leaving behind 86 lute songs and about 80 solo lute pieces. He also wrote sacred vocal music and instrumental ensembles. Among them, the melody of the lute song "Flow my tears" was extremely popular at the time, and Dowland himself wrote lute solo pieces and instrumental ensembles to the melody, as well as many other composers of the time who left behind instrumental pieces based on the melody. He died in London.

[Imatani Kazunori]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イギリスの作曲家、リュート奏者。出生地は彼自身の記述によるとロンドンだが、これには異説も多い。1580年からパリ、ブラウンシュワイクおよびヘッセンの宮廷、ローマ、フィレンツェなどで活躍したあと、98年からデンマーク王クリスティアン4世の宮廷でリュート奏者を務めた。1606年にイギリスに戻り、12年ジェームズ1世の宮廷リュート奏者となって、死の年まで王室で活躍した。ダウランドは、エリザベス1世からジェームズ1世にかけての時代を代表するリュート歌曲とリュート独奏曲の作曲家であり、86曲のリュート歌曲、約80曲のリュート独奏曲を残している。ほかに、宗教声楽曲や器楽合奏曲なども書いた。なかでもリュート歌曲『流れよ、わが涙』Flow my tearsの旋律は当時たいへんな人気を博し、ダウランド自身、その旋律によるリュート独奏曲や器楽合奏曲を書いているほか、当時の多くの作曲家が、その旋律に基づく器楽曲を残した。ロンドンに没。

[今谷和徳]

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