Baijia surname (English spelling)

Japanese: 百家姓 - ひゃっかせい（英語表記）Bǎi jiā xìng

A textbook used in China to help children learn characters. It arranges surnames into sentences of four characters. "Hyaku" means "large number," and actually includes a total of 472 characters, including compound surnames. Since it begins with "Zhao, Qian, Sun, Li," and the next line is "Zhou, Wu, Zheng King," Song's King Mingqing's "Yuzhao Xinzhi" put forward the theory that it was created by someone under the rule of Qian Hongchu, the ruler of Wu and Yue in the Five Dynasties, when he still held that status at the beginning of the Song dynasty. Zhao is the ruler of the world, the surname of the Song dynasty, Qian is below him, Sun is his wife, and Li is the Li family of Jiangnan, and the surnames in the next line are all the surnames of the first empress, Qian Liyu, and subsequent empresses.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中国で用いられた児童などに文字をおぼえさせるための教科書。姓氏を4字句の文に仕立ててある。〈百〉は数の多さをいうことばで，実際には複姓を含め全部で472字の文字を含む。その始まりが〈趙銭孫李〉であり，次の句が〈周呉鄭王〉であるところから，宋の王明清の《玉照新志》は，五代呉越の主であった銭弘俶が，宋初まだその身分を保っていたとき，支配下の人間がこしらえたものという説を立てた。趙が天下の主，宋王朝の姓，銭がその下にあり，孫はその妃，李は江南の李氏，次の句の姓はすべて初代銭鏐（せんりゆう）以下の后妃の姓だというのである。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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