Cost - Genka (English) cost English

Japanese: 原価 - げんか(英語表記)cost 英語
Cost - Genka (English) cost English

In the general society, the term "motone" is often used to mean the purchase price of an item or the cost required for production. In the economic society, as a technical term, it refers to the economic value sacrifice understood in relation to the goal-oriented actions of economic entities such as companies. Therefore, the concept of cost is distinguished from the concept of loss, which is an accidental loss of value. Furthermore, the concept of cost in its proper sense should also be distinguished from the concept of expense, which is a concept corresponding to revenue. Such measurements of value sacrifice are usually expressed in monetary units, since they are required for profit and loss calculations and break-even calculations. In modern cost accounting theory and practice, a distinction is made between "cost accounting systems," which are conducted continuously at all times in conjunction with bookkeeping mechanisms, and "special cost investigations," which are conducted voluntarily from time to time, mainly for management decision-making purposes. Japan's "Cost Accounting Standards" defines the general concept of cost in the cost accounting system as "the monetary value of the consumption of goods or services recognized in relation to a certain performance in management" (published by the Business Accounting Council of the Ministry of Finance in 1962. The Business Accounting Council was transferred to the Financial Services Agency in 2001). The costs referred to here are primarily manufacturing costs, sales costs, purchasing costs, and general administrative costs, while financial expenses such as interest are non-costs. In contrast, special costs are originally cost concepts used for making decisions about future management activities, so they are also called decision-making costs and have the characteristics of future costs. In particular, they must be costs related to the decision in question, so they are expressed as differential costs. Furthermore, opportunity costs and other measurements are used.

[Tokai Mikio]

[Reference] | Cost Accounting | Cost Accounting Standards | Profit and Loss Accounting

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

一般の社会では、物品の仕入れ値段とか製造に要した費用を意味する「もとね」をいうことが多い。経済社会における専門用語としては、企業などの経済主体が行う目的志向的な行動に関連して把握される経済的な価値犠牲をいう。したがって原価概念は、偶発的な価値喪失である損失概念と区別される。また固有の意味の原価は、収益との対応概念である費用概念とも区別されるべきである。このような価値犠牲の測定は、通常は、損益計算や採算計算などのために必要とされるものであるから、貨幣単位によって表現される。現代の原価計算理論および実践では、簿記機構と結合して常時継続的に実施される「原価計算制度」と、主として経営意思決定のために随時自発的に行われる「特殊原価調査」とを区別している。日本の「原価計算基準」では、原価計算制度における原価の一般概念を、「原価とは、経営における一定の給付にかかわらせて、把握された財貨または用役の消費を貨幣価値的に表したものである」と定義している(1962年に大蔵省の企業会計審議会が公表。企業会計審議会は2001年に金融庁に移管)。ここでの原価は、主として製造原価、販売原価、購入原価、一般管理原価であり、利子などの財務費用は非原価である。これに対して、特殊原価は、元来、将来の経営活動に関する意思決定のために用いられる原価概念であるから、意思決定原価とも称され、未来原価の特徴をもつ。また具体的には、当該意思決定の関連原価でなければならないから、差額原価によって表示される。さらに測定値としては、機会原価などが利用される。

[東海幹夫]

[参照項目] | 原価計算 | 原価計算基準 | 損益計算

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Genkai [town] - Genkai

>>:  Quarrel - Fight

Recommend

Higher fatty acids - Higher fatty acids

A chain monocarboxylic acid with a large molecula...

Lythrum salicaria (English spelling)

…[Murata Gen]. … *Some of the terminology that me...

The Order to Expel the Missionaries - Bateren Tsuiho Rei

A law that stipulated the expulsion of Christian m...

ECAFE - Ecafe

ESCAP is a regional economic commission establish...

Mythologiques (English spelling)

...This method brought about an innovative unders...

Direct - Direct

〘noun〙① Under the Ritsuryo system, two servants (j...

Goto Motokiyo - Goto Motokiyo

Year of death: 2 July 1221 (July 22, 1221) Year of...

Plutonic theory

In contrast to the hydrogenetic theory, which emph...

Ajimo - Ajimo

→Zoystergrass Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia Abou...

Felis silvestris (English spelling) Felis silvestris

…[Tadaaki Imaizumi]. … From [Libyan Cat] …[Tadaak...

Honoré de Balzac

French novelist. Born on May 20th in Tours, a cit...

Genyu Araki

Year of death: April 18, 1794 (May 17, 1794) Year ...

Substorms

...Also known simply as a substorm. A magnetosphe...

Shinshoji Temple

This is the head temple of the Shingon sect Chisa...

Charcoal-grilling millionaire

A story about a poor charcoal burner named Goro or...