Farmer's income - Hyakusho Kasegiyama

Japanese: 百姓稼山 - ひゃくしょうかせぎやま

In the early modern period, small farmers were allowed to enter certain forests to collect timber for home use, firewood, charcoal, and fertilizer, and to trade or sell them to cover their living expenses. Most were part of the "Ohayashi" (Imperial Forest) or village-owned common forests, but in either case, it was normal to pay certain limits on collection and a light rent or profit fee in the name of Yamate and Yamasen. The "Hyakusho Kayama" (also called "Shiraki Kayama") practiced in Hida Province from the end of the Middle Ages was a type of "Kayama" (farm farming) in which farmers processed the leftover wood (roots, small logs, bad logs, branches, etc.) left behind after timber had been extracted from the lord's Ohayashi (Ohayashi) forests, reproducing various types of white wood (short, light timber, and split timber), or harvesting timber for home use, white wood, and firewood from dead trees (standing dead trees, trees broken by wind or snow, etc.) in the Ohayashi forests and selling them even to neighboring countries.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

近世の小農民が特定の山林に立ち入って，家作木や薪炭材･肥飼草を採り，これを交易または売却して生計費に充てることを許された山。多くは〈御林（おはやし）〉の一部か村持ちの共用林かであるが，いずれにも一定の採取制限と，山手･山銭名義の軽租または収益料を納めるのを普通とした。飛驒国で中世末のころから行われた百姓稼山(白木稼ともいう)は，領主の御林山で用材を採出した跡に放置された残材(根木，末木，悪木，枝条など)を処理して，各種の白木類(短軽材や割材)を再生産するか，または御林内の枯損木(立枯木や風･雪折木など)から家作木や白木･薪などを採出して，近隣諸国にまで売りさばくことを免許された稼山をいう。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

<<: Farmers' representative - Hyakushodai

>>: Peasant traffic - Hyakushoourai