Boazköy - Boazköy (English spelling)

Japanese: ボアズキョイ - ぼあずきょい(英語表記)Boazköy
Boazköy - Boazköy (English spelling)

The capital of the Hittite Empire, located approximately 150 km east of Ankara, the capital of Turkey. Its ancient name was Hattusa or Hattusa. Excavations were carried out twice, in 1906-1907 and 1911-1912, by German Assyriologist H. Winkler, and over 10,000 clay tablets were discovered, including a peace treaty between the city and Egypt. In 1931, excavations were resumed by German scholar K. Bitter, and continue to this day. Hattusa is divided into a city area on the highlands and a city area on the lowlands, with the royal palace, which makes use of the natural terrain, and the temple on the lowlands forming the center of each city area. Exploration to date has uncovered a storehouse attached to a large temple dedicated to the weather god and the sun god, ruins of houses from the Assyrian colonial period, city walls, an attack gate, a temple, a royal palace, and a royal archives. Hattusa was founded by Hattusili I in the 16th century BC, but in the late 14th century BC, it was attacked by the Qashqa from the north, and the capital was forced to move to Dattasha (location unknown). Around 1190 BC, Hattusa was destroyed by the "Sea Peoples" who migrated from the west of Asia Minor.

[Yoshihiro Omura]

[Reference] | Hittite

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

トルコの首都アンカラのほぼ東150キロメートルに位置するヒッタイト帝国の都。古代名ハットゥシャあるいはハットゥサ。1906~1907年、1911~1912年の二度にわたり、ドイツ人のアッシリア学者H・ウィンクラーによって発掘調査が行われ、エジプトとの間に交わされた和平条約をはじめ、1万枚を超える粘土板文書が発見された。1931年ドイツ人のK・ビッテルによって発掘調査は再開され、現在に至っている。ハットゥシャは高地の市域と低地の市域とに分かれ、高地は自然の地形を利用した王宮、低地は神殿が、おのおのの市域の中心をなしている。今日までの調査では、天候神、太陽神を祀(まつ)っていた大神殿に付属した貯蔵庫、アッシリア植民都市時代の住居址(し)群、城壁、出撃門、神殿、王宮、王室文書庫などがみつかっている。ハットゥシャは紀元前16世紀ハットゥシリ1世によって建設されたが、前14世紀後半北方のカシュカに攻略され、ダッタシャシュ(位置不明)に遷都を余儀なくされた。前1190年ごろ、小アジアの西から移動してきた「海の民」によってハットゥシャは崩壊した。

[大村幸弘]

[参照項目] | ヒッタイト

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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