Witt, Katarina

Japanese: ビット(英語表記)Witt, Katarina
Witt, Katarina
Born: December 3, 1965, Karl-Marxstadt, German Democratic Republic. A German figure skater, she dominated the women's figure skating world in the 1980s with her charismatic, seductive and graceful performances. She started skating at the age of five and quickly became a popular figure in the GDR (East Germany), where she was trained at the state's special training institute for athletes. Under the guidance of one of the world's most famous coaches, Jutta Müller, she won her first East German championship in 1981, and maintained her position as national champion for the next seven years. Although she had never won a world championship, she competed in the women's singles figure skating event at the 1984 Sarajevo Winter Olympics, where she won the gold medal by 0.1 points in her free skating, beating Rosalyn Sumners of the United States. In the 1988 Calgary Winter Olympics, she faced off against Debi Thomas of the United States, the only woman she had lost to in the past five years. In the free skating competition, she competed to music from Georges Bizet's opera Carmen, and her performance incorporated sensual grace and theatrical elements, winning the gold medal. She is the second woman to win the women's singles figure skating title at the Olympic Winter Games twice in a row, after Sonja Henie in 1936. She also won the World Championships four times (1984, 1985, 1987, and 1988) and the European Championships six times (1983-88). In 1988, after the World Championships, she turned professional. In 1990, she starred in the TV special Carmen on Ice, for which she won an Emmy Award. When the amateur rules were changed, she returned to the Lillehammer Winter Olympics in 1994, but finished seventh. She continued to have a successful professional career. (→ Ice skating)

bit
bit

A rod for a rock drilling machine is attached to the end of the drilling pipe of a rotary drilling machine and directly crushes rocks. In the former, drilling is mainly done by striking, while in the latter, drilling is done by cutting, so there are differences in the shape and material of the tip (cutting edge), and the choice also depends on the quality of the rock. In the past, the tip of the rod was a one-piece bit that was directly molded and heat-treated to harden it, but in the early 20th century, detachable bits that could be attached and detached with a screw or taper were invented, and the latter are now more common. In rock drilling and well drilling machines, tool steel is mainly used for soft rocks, and carbide alloy is mainly used for hard rocks. Diamond bits are sometimes used to cut particularly hard rocks. Depending on the arrangement of the blades, they can be shaped like a straight line, a cross, a multi-petal rose type, or a button tip type, and the water supply can come from a central hole or between the blades. For drilling (→ drilling prospecting) to completely extract rock cores, a special type of diamond bit is used, with many diamond grains embedded in a cylindrical steel base.

bit
bit

The basic unit of information in information theory. It refers to the amount of information required to distinguish between two values, 1 and 0, which occur with equal probability. In computers, one digit in binary notation is called one bit, without any concept of probability. Bit is an abbreviation of binary digit, which means binary digit. Eight bits, each of which is 0 or 1, make up one byte, which forms the unit of text within a computer.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1965.12.3. ドイツ民主共和国,カルルマルクスシュタット
ドイツのフィギュアスケート選手。カリスマ性があり,蠱惑的かつ優雅な演技で 1980年代の女子フィギュアスケート界に君臨した。5歳でスケートを始め,すぐにドイツ民主共和国(東ドイツ)国内で注目される存在となり,国家のスポーツ選手特別養成機関で教育された。世界屈指の名コーチ,ユッタ・ミュラーの指導を受け,1981年東ドイツ選手権大会で初優勝,以後 7年にわたって国内チャンピオンの地位を守った。世界選手権大会での優勝経験がなかったが,1984年サラエボ・オリンピック冬季競技大会のフィギュアスケート女子シングルに出場,得意のフリースケーティングでアメリカ合衆国のロザリン・サムナーズを 0.1ポイント差でくだし,金メダルを獲得した。1988年カルガリー・オリンピック冬季競技大会では,過去 5年間で唯一敗北を喫したアメリカのデビ・トーマスと対決。フリーで,ともにジョルジュ・ビゼーのオペラ『カルメン』の曲で競い,官能的な優雅さと演劇的な要素を取り入れてカルメンを演じ,金メダルに輝いた。オリンピック冬季競技大会のフィギュアスケート女子シングル 2連覇を達成した選手は,1936年のソニア・ヘニーに次いで 2人目。ほかに,世界選手権大会で 1984,1985,1987,1988年の 4度,ヨーロッパ選手権大会で 1983~88年に 6度優勝。1988年,世界選手権大会後にプロに転向した。1990年にテレビの特別番組『氷上のカルメン』に主演し,エミー賞を受賞。アマチュア規程が変更され,1994年リレハンメル・オリンピック冬季競技大会で復帰を果たしたが 7位に終わった。その後プロとして活躍した。(→アイススケート)

ビット
bit

削岩 (さくがん) 機のロッド,ロータリー掘り機械の掘り管の先端に装着し,直接岩石を破砕する部分。掘削は前者ではおもに打撃,後者では切削によるので,チップ (刃先) の形状材質に差があり,岩石の質による選択もある。以前はロッド先端を直接成形熱処理硬化した一体ビットであったが,20世紀初めねじまたはテーパで着脱するデタッチャブルビットが発明され,いまは後者が多い。削岩機,鑿井機械では,軟質岩には工具鋼製,硬質岩には超硬合金製がおもに使われる。特に硬質な岩の切削にはダイヤモンドビットを使うことがある。形状は刃の配置により一文字型,十文字型,多弁のローズ型,ボタンチップ型などがあり,給水も中央孔から出るもの,刃の間から出るものがある。岩石コアを完全に採取するための試錐用 (→試錐探鉱 ) には,円筒形鋼台にダイヤモンド粒を多数植込んだ特殊な形のダイヤモンドビットを用いる。

ビット
bit

情報理論における情報の基本単位。等しい確率で生じる1か0の2値を区別するために必要な情報量をいう。コンピュータでは確率の概念なしに二進数表示の1桁を1ビットと呼んでいる。 bitは二進数字を意味する binary digitの略である。0,1の bitが8桁で1バイトを構成し,コンピュータ内での文字の単位をなしている。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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