Visconti - Luchino Visconti (English spelling)

Japanese: ビスコンティ - びすこんてぃ(英語表記)Luchino Visconti
Visconti - Luchino Visconti (English spelling)

Italian film director and stage director. Born on November 2nd as the fourth son of the Duke of Modrone, a Milanese aristocratic family that had existed for six centuries. In 1936, he left Fascist Italy for France, where he studied under Jean Renoir. After returning to Milan, he became involved in theater. Since then, his activities alternated between stage and film. He mainly performed in Rome, and in addition to Italian classical plays, he directed the Italian premieres of Cocteau's "Les Terribles," Sartre's "No Exit," Williams' "A Streetcar Named Desire," and Miller's "Death of a Salesman." He also gained fame by directing (and sometimes designing sets and costumes for) operas such as "La Traviata," "Anna Bolena," and "Tosca" at La Scala and other venues around the world.

His first film was The Postman Always Rings Twice (1942). The depth of his realism in his gaze on reality was praised as a precursor to neorealism. His first film after the Second World War, Les Bains (1948), faithfully depicted the life of a poor Sicilian fishing village, making Visconti one of the founders of neorealism. His 1954 masterpiece, The Storm in Summer, showed a change in his style, meticulously depicting the tragedy of passion during the era of national unification, and thus the birth of neorealism romanticism. Les Bains (1960) was a neorealist work depicting the lives of workers, but after his masterpiece Les Bains (1963), which depicted the noble figure of the fallen Sicilian aristocracy, Visconti made it his artistic mission to recreate the truth of the monumental classes of the past. This is true of all of his films, including Death in Venice (1971), Ludwig (1972), and The Family Portrait (1974). He became paralyzed during the latter half of the production of Ludwig, but continued directing despite his illness, and died in Rome on March 17, 1976, leaving behind The Innocents (1976).

[Tadashi Iijima]

Documents List of Director's Works

The Postman Always Rings Twice Ossessione (1942)
La Toska (1944)
The Trembling Earth (1948)
Bellissima (1951)
We Women Siamo Donne (1953)
Senso (1954)
Byakuya Le notti bianche (1957)
All About Youth Rocco and his fratelli (1960)
Boccaccio '70 - "At Work" (1962)
Wildcat Il gattopardo (1963)
The faint shadow of the star in the constellation of Bear… (1965)
The Glamorous Witches - "The Exhausted Witch" Le streghe - La Strega bruciata viva (1966)
The Stranger (1968)
The Fallen Heroes (1969)
Morte a Venezia (1971)
Ludwig (1972)
Family Portrait Gruppo di famiglia in un interno (1974)
The Innocent (1976)

"The Visconti Collection: A Portrait of Solitude Colored by the Beauty of Decadence" edited by the Film Art Publishing Editorial Department (1981, Shinshokan)""Luchino Visconti: The Life of an Aristocrat" by Monita Sterling, translated by Tatsuo Uemura (1982, Heibonsha)

[References] | Family Portrait | Death in Venice | The Lynx

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イタリアの映画監督、演出家。11月2日、6世紀も続いたミラノの貴族モドローネ公爵家の第4子として生まれる。1936年、ファシズムのイタリアを去って人民戦線のフランスに行き、ジャン・ルノワールの教えを受けた。ミラノに帰ると演劇に関係した。以後、彼の活躍は舞台と映画の交互にわたった。舞台は主としてローマで、イタリア古典劇のほかコクトーの『恐るべき親たち』、サルトルの『出口なし』、ウィリアムズの『欲望という名の電車』、ミラーの『セールスマンの死』などのイタリア初演を手がけた。また『椿姫(つばきひめ)』『アンナ・ボレナ』『トスカ』などをスカラ座をはじめ世界各地のオペラで演出(ときには装置、衣装も)して名声をあげた。

 映画の処女作は1942年の『郵便配達は二度ベルを鳴らす』(原題『妄執』)である。現実凝視のリアリズムの深さは、ネオレアリズモの先駆をなすものと評された。第二次世界大戦後の第一作『揺れる大地』(1948)は、貧しいシチリアの漁村の生活そのままを忠実に描き、ビスコンティはこれによってネオレアリズモの一方の始祖となった。1954年の大作『夏の嵐(あらし)』は、彼の作風の変化を示し、国家統一時代の情熱の悲劇を子細に描いて、ここに「ネオレアリズモ・ロマンティコ」が生まれた。『若者のすべて』(1960)は労働者の生活を描くネオレアリズモ作品だったが、シチリアの没落貴族の高貴な姿を主題とした傑作『山猫』(1963)以後、ビスコンティは、過去の記念すべき階級の真実の再現を自らの芸術的使命とした。『ベニスに死す』(1971)、『ルードウィヒ』(1972)、『家族の肖像』(1974)などすべてそうである。『ルードウィヒ』制作後半身不随となったが、病をおして監督を続け、『イノセント』(1976)を残して、1976年3月17日ローマに没した。

[飯島 正]

資料 監督作品一覧

郵便配達は二度ベルを鳴らす Ossessione(1942)
トスカ La Toska(1944)
揺れる大地 La terra trema : episodio del mare(1948)
ベリッシマ Bellissima(1951)
われら女性 Siamo donne(1953)
夏の嵐 Senso(1954)
白夜 Le notti bianche(1957)
若者のすべて Rocco e i suoi fratelli(1960)
ボッカチオ'70~「仕事中」 Boccaccio '70 - Il lavoro(1962)
山猫 Il gattopardo(1963)
熊座の淡き星影 Vaghe stelle dell'orsa…(1965)
華やかな魔女たち~「疲れきった魔女」 Le streghe - La Strega bruciata viva(1966)
異邦人 Lo straniero(1968)
地獄に堕ちた勇者ども La caduta degli dei(1969)
ベニスに死す Morte a Venezia(1971)
ルードウィヒ 神々の黄昏 Ludwig(1972)
家族の肖像 Gruppo di famiglia in un interno(1974)
イノセント L'innocente(1976)

『フィルムアート社編集部編『ヴィスコンティ集成――退廃の美しさに彩られた孤独の肖像』(1981・新書館)』『モニタ・スターリング著、上村達雄訳『ルキーノ・ヴィスコンティ――ある貴族の生涯』(1982・平凡社)』

[参照項目] | 家族の肖像 | ベニスに死す | 山猫

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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