Electron beams accelerated by thousands to tens of thousands of volts are called cathode rays, and vacuum tubes that use cathode rays are called cathode ray tubes. A typical example is a cathode ray tube, which is sometimes used to refer to cathode ray tubes. Cathode ray tubes are sometimes written as CRT, which is an acronym for the English word cathode ray tube. Historically, this includes Crookes tubes, which used electron beams obtained by the strong electric field effect from a cold cathode as cathode rays, but nowadays the term often refers to cathode rays that use electrons accelerated by the Edison effect (thermionic emission), in other words, electron beams. An electron gun is used to radiate cathode rays, or electron beams, in a small circle in a stable, narrow shape. Cathode ray tubes, which deflect cathode rays using an electric or magnetic field, are widely used to display images and observe electrical phenomena. For displaying images, there are television picture tubes (cathode ray tubes) that use magnetic fields, as well as television camera tubes such as image orthicons, vidicons, and saticons, while for observing electrical phenomena there are oscilloscope cathode ray tubes (measurement cathode ray tubes) for observing waveforms. In addition to the above, there are also special types such as magic eyes used to tune radio receivers and traveling wave tubes used for wideband amplification in the microwave range. [Michinori Iwata] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
数千~数万ボルトで加速された電子線を陰極線とよび、陰極線を用いた真空管を陰極線管という。この代表的なものはブラウン管で、ブラウン管をさして陰極線管ということもある。ブラウン管をCRTと書くこともあるが、これは英語の陰極線管cathode ray tubeの頭文字を並べたものである。歴史的にいえば、冷陰極からの強い電界効果によって得られる電子線を陰極線としたクルックス管などもこれに含まれるが、現在ではエジソン効果(熱電子放出)による電子を加速した陰極線、つまり電子ビームを用いたものをいうことが多い。 陰極線、つまり電子線を微小円内に細く安定して放射させるには、電子銃を用いている。この陰極線を電界とか磁界によって偏向させる陰極線管が、画像表示とか電気現象の観測に広く用いられている。画像表示用としては、磁界によるテレビジョンの受像管(ブラウン管)、イメージオルシコン、ビジコン、サチコンなどのテレビ撮像管などがあり、電気現象の観測用には波形観測用のオシロスコープ陰極線管(計測用ブラウン管)などがある。以上のほか、特殊なものとして、ラジオ受信機の同調指示に使われるマジックアイ、マイクロ波領域での広帯域増幅に用いられた進行波管なども含まれる。 [岩田倫典] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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