In a three-dimensional differential equation, when Δ is Laplace's operator (Laplacian), the solution to ΔG ( x )=-δ( x -ξ) is given by G ( x ,ξ)=1/4π| x -ξ|-1. This G ( x ,ξ) is called the Green's function of this differential equation. Using this, the solution to the differential equation can be expressed as follows. In general, a method using a similar Green's function is useful when solving boundary value problems for elliptic or parabolic partial differential equations. In field theory, Green's functions are used to clarify causal relationships. In statistical mechanics, the temperature Green's function, which can be seen as an extension of correlation functions or distribution functions, is widely used. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
微分方程式3次元において,Δ をラプラスの演算子 (ラプラシアン ) とするとき ΔG(x)=-δ(x-ξ) の解は G(x,ξ)=1/4π|x-ξ|-1 で与えられる。この G(x,ξ) をこの微分方程式のグリーン関数という。これを用いると,微分方程式 の解は という式で表わせる。一般に楕円型または放物型の偏微分方程式の境界値問題を解くときに,これと類似なグリーン関数を用いる方法が有用である。場の理論では因果関係を明確にするためにグリーン関数が用いられる。統計力学では相関関数または分布関数の拡張とみられる温度グリーン関数が広く用いられる。
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