A state of affairs between a third country that does not directly participate in a war and a belligerent country, and which is not subject to the neutrality laws. According to classical international law, non-belligerent countries have an obligation to remain neutral toward belligerent countries, so non-belligerent states meant neutrality. However, after World War I, the illegality of war was established by the Covenant of the League of Nations and the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), and as a result, this relationship and the state it meant changed significantly. For example, before entering World War II, the United States provided Britain with destroyers in 1940, and in 1941 it enacted the Lend-Lease Act to provide defense materials to the Allied powers and various information to Britain. This act, which contradicted classical neutrality laws, was explained by the United States as being in a state of non-belligerent states. After that, non-belligerent states came to be used to mean a state of affairs in which a country does not directly participate in a war but provides assistance to one of the belligerent countries. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
戦争に直接参加しない第三国と交戦国との関係で,しかも中立法規の適用を受けない状態。古典的な国際法によれば,非交戦国は交戦国に対して中立義務を負うので,非交戦状態は中立を意味した。しかし,第1次世界大戦後,国際連盟規約,不戦条約 (1928) によって戦争の違法化が実定化された結果,この関係および意味する状態は大きく変化した。たとえばアメリカは第2次世界大戦に,参戦する前の 1940年イギリスに駆逐艦を,41年には武器貸与法を制定して連合国側に国防資材を,またイギリスに種々の情報を提供した。古典的中立法規と矛盾するこの行為は,アメリカにより非交戦状態にあると称して説明された。その後,非交戦状態は直接に参戦はしないが,交戦国の一方に援助を与える地位を意味する語として用いられるようになった。
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