Micrometeorology refers to atmospheric phenomena occurring in the air layer at a height of about 100 meters near the earth's surface. Horizontally, it ranges from a few meters to a few kilometers, and the time scale of changes in the phenomena ranges from one-hundredth of a second to minutes. Elements that describe micrometeorology include wind, air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, soil temperature, soil moisture, and ground surface temperature. Representative micrometeorological problems include atmospheric turbulence, turbulent transport, diffusion, evaporation, and heat balance, and representative phenomena include wind turbulence, smoke diffusion, and ground inversion. In the broad sense of the term, phenomena such as sea and land breezes, mountain and valley winds, slope winds, local winds, frost tracks, cold air lakes, and heat islands are taken up as micrometeorological subjects. Micrometeorology is much smaller in scale than weather chart scales and hemispheric scales, but it is the weather that is most relevant to humans living on the earth's surface, and research is being conducted in connection with applied fields such as agricultural meteorology, civil engineering, and architecture. [Nemoto Junkichi] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
地表付近、およそ100メートルぐらいまでの高さの気層内の大気現象。水平的には数メートルから数キロメートルの範囲の大きさをもち、現象変化の時間的スケールは100分の1秒から分単位までに及ぶ。微気象を表す要素としては、風、気温、湿度、日射、地温、土壌水分、地表面温度などがある。微気象的問題として代表的なものは、大気乱流、乱流輸送、拡散、蒸発、熱収支などがあり、代表的な現象としては風の乱れ、煙の拡散、接地逆転などがあり、広い意味にこのことばを使う場合には海陸風、山谷(やまたに)風、斜面風、局地風、霜道(しもみち)、冷気湖、ヒートアイランドなどの現象が、微気象的対象として取り上げられる。微気象は天気図的スケールや半球的スケールに比較すると、はるかに規模は小さいが、地表で生活している人間にとってはもっとも関連の深い気象であり、農業気象や土木・建築などの応用部門とも関連して、研究が進められている。 [根本順吉] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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