Photo detector - Hikarikenshutsuki (English: photo detector)

Japanese: 光検出器 - ひかりけんしゅつき(英語表記)photo detector
Photo detector - Hikarikenshutsuki (English: photo detector)
A light-detecting element or device that uses the so-called photoelectric effect, which occurs when light is irradiated, such as the emission of electrons into a vacuum (photoemission), changes in electrical conductivity (photoconductivity), and the generation of an electromotive force (photovoltaics). Some use thermocouples, which detect light as heat, and the pyroelectric effect, which generates an electric charge due to thermal changes. Vacuum tube-type photodetectors, such as phototubes and photomultipliers, use the photoemission effect, and the material of the photoelectron surface (the part that emits electrons when irradiated with light) is selected according to the wavelength range of the light to be detected. Recently, photoconductive cells that use the photoconductive effect of semiconductors and photovoltaic cells, photodiodes, and phototransistors that use the photovoltaic effect have been widely used. The wavelength range to which they respond is determined by the size of the energy gap of the semiconductor. For photoconductive cells, cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide are used in the visible range, and lead sulfide, lead selenide, lead telluride, and indium antimony are used in the infrared range. Germanium with gold added as an impurity element is also often used for infrared applications. Silicon is mainly used for photodiodes and phototransistors, and they are capable of detecting light from the visible range to the near infrared range. Phototransistors have a multiplication effect, making them highly sensitive.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
光を検出する素子,装置で,光を照射した際に生じる真空中への電子の放出 (光電子放出) ,導電率の変化 (光導電) ,起電力発生 (光起電) など,いわゆる光電効果を用いたものが多い。光を熱として検出する熱電対や,熱変化により電荷が発生する焦電効果を用いたものもある。光電管,光電子増倍管など真空管型の光検出器は光電子放出効果を利用したもので,検出する光の波長域に応じて光電子面 (光照射時に電子を放出させる部分) の材料が選ばれる。最近では半導体の光導電効果を用いる光導電セルおよび光起電力効果を用いる光起電池,フォトダイオード,フォトトランジスタなどが数多く用いられている。半導体のエネルギー間隙の大きさによって応答する波長域が決められる。光導電セルの場合,可視域では硫化カドミウム,セレン化カドミウムが用いられ,赤外域では硫化鉛,セレン化鉛,テルル化鉛,インジウム・アンチモンなどが用いられる。ゲルマニウムに金を不純物元素として添加したものも赤外用としてよく用いられる。フォトダイオード,フォトトランジスタには主としてシリコンが用いられ,可視域から近赤外域の光検出が可能である。フォトトランジスタには増倍作用があり高感度となる。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

<<:  Optical detector

>>:  Photocoagulation - Hikari Gyoko (English name) photocoagulation

Recommend

Kinesis

…When opening the mouth, the lower beak is lowere...

Ivan the Fool - Ivan the Fool

A folktale-style novel by L. Tolstoy. "Ivan-d...

Spine - spine

In vertebrates, this refers to the main part of t...

Common forest - Kyoyurin

Legally, it refers to communal forest land shared...

Curvature

A quantity that expresses the degree of curvature ...

King Gwanggaeto Stele (English: King Gwanggaeto Stele)

This monument commemorating King Gwanggaeto is loc...

Temperature effectiveness

...It can also be easily calculated using graphs....

Stone carving - Ishikarame

…The carpenters made efforts to improve metallurg...

children's apperception test

…Murray's interpretation is based on his dema...

Kintaro Inoue

...With well-modulated direction and a superb per...

Educational method - Kyoikuho

A new field of modern law that is being formed as ...

Westphalia - Westphalia (English spelling)

The English name of a region in northwestern Nort...

Oishigami Peak

The main peak of the Nagamine Mountains in the nor...

Obanazawa Basin

...It is also called the Murayama Basin. To the n...

Toba [city] - Toba

A city in the northeast of Shima Peninsula, Mie Pr...