Rijeka - Rijeka (English spelling)

Japanese: リエカ - りえか(英語表記)Rijeka
Rijeka - Rijeka (English spelling)

Fiume is a port city in the west of the Republic of Croatia. Its Italian name is Fiume. It has a population of 144,043 (2001). It is located at the mouth of the Rečina River on the Gulf of Rijeka in the northern Adriatic Sea. Its name comes from the river. It is the largest port city in Croatia, and its main industries are shipbuilding and related industries. There are also factories in petrochemicals, wood processing, and food. Historically, it played an important role as a transit port for the Austro-Hungarian Empire, but after World War I, its ownership was disputed between Italy and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the "Fiume Problem." After World War II, in 1947, it merged with Sušak on the left bank of the Rečina River to become a multi-purpose port city. It has the University of Rijeka, the Higher School of Merchant Marine, the University of Commerce, the Maritime Research Institute, and the museum. On the nearby coast, groundwater that has flowed down the limestone plateau behind it springs out as several freshwater springs on the seabed. It is a sister city of Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture.

[Kazuko Urushibara]

history

It has been an important port city on the Adriatic Sea since Roman times. Croats settled there in the 7th century. It was once under the control of the Kingdom of Croatia, but from the 12th century it came under the rule of the Kingdom of Hungary and then Venice. After 1467 it was incorporated into the territory of the Habsburg Empire, but in 1717 it was declared a free port. When the Austrian-Hungarian Treaty of Peace was established in 1867, it came under the direct control of Hungary, which wanted a seaport. After World War I, Italy invaded the city under the guise of the Secret Treaty of London. In 1919, Italy occupied it under the command of the poet D'Annunzio. The occupation was approved by the Treaty of Rapallo in November 1920, and confirmed by the Treaty of Rome between Italy and Yugoslavia in 1924. In May 1945, near the end of World War II, the Yugoslav People's Liberation Army liberated it. After the war it became part of the former Yugoslavia, but in 1991 Croatia gained independence and Rijeka became part of Croatia.

[Yoshihiro Shiba]

[Reference item] | Fiume problem

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

クロアチア共和国西部の港湾都市。イタリア語名フィウーメFiume。人口14万4043(2001)。アドリア海北部のリエカ湾岸、レツィナRečina川河口部に位置する。名称はこの川に由来する。クロアチア最大の港湾都市で、造船業とその関連産業が主産業。ほかに石油化学、木材加工、食品などの工場がある。歴史上、オーストリア・ハンガリー帝国の重要な中継港の役割を果たしてきたが、第一次世界大戦後イタリアとユーゴスラビア王国との間で「フィウーメ問題」としてその帰属が争われた。第二次世界大戦後の1947年、レツィナ川左岸のスシャクSušakを合併して複合港湾都市となった。リエカ大学、高等商船学校、商科大学、海洋研究所、博物館がある。付近の海岸では、背後の石灰岩台地を流下してきた地下水が、海底でいくつもの淡水泉として湧出(ゆうしゅつ)している。神奈川県川崎市と姉妹都市。

[漆原和子]

歴史

ローマ時代からアドリア海の重要な港町であった。7世紀にクロアチア人が定住した。一時、クロアチア王国が支配するが、12世紀からはハンガリー王国、ついでベネチアの統治下に置かれた。1467年以後ハプスブルク帝国の領土に組み込まれたが、1717年に自由港を宣言。1867年オーストリアとハンガリー間にアウスグライヒ(和協)が成立すると、海港を望んでいたハンガリーの直接支配下に置かれた。第一次世界大戦後、ロンドン秘密条約を盾にとりイタリアが進攻。1919年には詩人ダンヌンツィオが指揮してイタリアが占領した。1920年11月のラパロ条約で占領が承認され、1924年のイタリア・ユーゴスラビア間のローマ協定により確認された。第二次世界大戦終結間近の1945年5月、ユーゴスラビア人民解放軍が解放。戦後は旧ユーゴスラビア領となったが、1991年、クロアチアが独立し、リエカはクロアチア領となった。

[柴 宜弘]

[参照項目] | フィウーメ問題

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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