Born November 27, 1874, near Knightstown, Indiana [Died] September 1, 1948. New Haven, Connecticut. American historian and political scientist. After graduating from DePauw University in 1898, he studied abroad at Oxford University. From 1904 to 1917, he was a professor at Columbia University. After retiring from government, he served as director of the New York City Political Science Training Institute until 1922, and became president of the American Political Science Association in 1926 and the American Historical Association in 1933. In 1922 and 1923, he visited Japan at the invitation of Goto Shinpei, and as an advisor to Tokyo's city government, he assisted in the city planning and reconstruction of Tokyo after the Great Kanto Earthquake. Politically, he advocated the need for social reform, and academically, he reexamined American history by putting forward an economic interpretation of history, and in his later years, he sharply criticized Franklin D. Roosevelt's foreign policy from a position that emphasized peace. His major works include An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States (1913), The Rise of American Civilization (2 volumes, 1927), The American Spirit (1942), and President Roosevelt and the Coming of War, 1941 (1948). Beard |
[生]1874.11.27. インディアナ,ナイツタウン近郊 [没]1948.9.1. コネティカット,ニューヘーブン アメリカ合衆国の歴史学者,政治学者。1898年デ・ポー大学卒業後,オックスフォード大学に留学。1904~17年コロンビア大学教授。退官後 1922年までニューヨーク市政官養成所所長,1926年アメリカ政治学会会長,1933年にはアメリカ歴史学会会長となった。1922年と 1923年に後藤新平の招きで訪日,東京市市政顧問として東京の都市計画,関東大震災後の東京の再建に協力。政治面で社会改革の必要を主張するとともに,学問的には歴史の経済的解釈を打ち出してアメリカ史の再検討を行ない,晩年には平和を重視する立場からフランクリン・D.ルーズベルトの対外政策を鋭く批判した。主著『アメリカ合衆国憲法の経済的解釈』An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States(1913),『アメリカ文明の興起』The Rise of American Civilization(2巻,1927),『アメリカの精神』The American Spirit(1942),『ルーズベルト大統領と1941年の戦争の到来』President Roosevelt and the Coming of War, 1941(1948)など。 ビアード
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