...In the 19th century, general anesthesia methods developed by Americans Crawford Williamson Long (1842), Horace Wells (1844), and W. T. Morton (1846), and British James Young Simpson (1847), antiseptic methods developed by IP Semmelweis (1847) and J. Lister (1867) based on L. Pasteur's (1861) report that putrefaction was caused by airborne microorganisms, aseptic methods developed by Ernst von Bergmann (1886) and Curt Schimmelbusch (1889), and the use of tourniquets by Johann Friedrich August von Esmarch (1823-1908) all led to dramatic advances in surgical procedures. Successful cases of total hysterectomy by Bernhard Rudolf Conrad von Langenbeck (1810-87), skin grafting by Carl Thiersch (1822-95), rectal cancer surgery by Richard von Volkmann (1830-89), and gastrectomy by Theodor Billroth (1829-94) began to be reported. In the 20th century, the discovery of sulfa drugs by G. Domagk (1932) and penicillin by A. Fleming (1929) triggered the subsequent discovery of many antibiotics, which made it possible to perform major surgeries that had previously been impossible. *Some of the terminology references "Langenbeck, BRCvon" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 19世紀に入って,アメリカのロングCrawford Williamson Long(1842),ウェルズHorace Wells(1844),W.T.G.モートン(1846)やイギリスのシンプソンJames Young Simpson(1847)らによる全身麻酔法,L.パスツール(1861)の腐敗現象は空気中の微生物によるという報告に基づいたI.P.ゼンメルワイス(1847),J.リスター(1867)らによる制腐消毒法,ベルクマンErnst von Bergmann(1886)やシンメルブッシュCurt Schimmelbusch(1889)による無菌法,エスマルヒJohann Friedrich August von Esmarch(1823‐1908)による駆血帯の使用は,その後の外科手術を飛躍的に進歩させることとなった。すなわち,ランゲンベックBernhard Rudolf Conrad von Langenbeck(1810‐87)の子宮全摘出術,ティールシュCarl Thiersch(1822‐95)の植皮術,フォルクマンRichard von Volkmann(1830‐89)の直腸癌手術,ビルロートTheodor Billroth(1829‐94)の胃切除術の成功例が報告されるようになった。20世紀に入ると,G.ドーマク(1932)によるサルファ剤の発見,A.フレミング(1929)によるペニシリンの発見はその後の多くの抗生物質発見の引金となり,それによって,それまで実施不可能であったような大きな手術もできるようになった。… ※「Langenbeck,B.R.C.von」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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