Chemical reaction engineering

Japanese: 反応工学 - はんのうこうがく(英語表記)chemical reaction engineering
Chemical reaction engineering

Chemical industry processes are complex, but most of them consist of steps such as preparation of raw materials, chemical reactions, and separation and purification of products. Both processes before and after reactions are physical processes, and this systematization led to the creation of unit operations. The concept of unit reactions (unit processes) was proposed in the 1930s to classify and systematize reaction processes, but it was largely due to the work of American OA Hougen (1893-1986) that the engineering elements were emphasized, and the content was improved and expanded to form the current form. It was called various names, but it was not until the 1950s that the term reaction engineering was established.

Reaction engineering is the engineering that involves the selection of rational and economical chemical processes, the establishment of operating conditions, as well as the selection, design and operation of appropriate reactor types. Along with unit operations, it is one of the important fields of chemical engineering. Its content is roughly divided into the engineering analysis of chemical reactions and the design of reactors. Since chemical processes include physical processes such as diffusion and heat transfer in addition to chemical reactions, the engineering analysis of chemical reactions involves separating these effects from laboratory reaction rate data and determining the rate equation of the chemical reaction. In the design of reactors, the effect of physical processes on chemical reactions under industrial reaction conditions is evaluated, and the shape and size of the equipment are determined. These two are exactly the same. Therefore, the chemical basis of reaction engineering is chemical thermodynamics and reaction kinetics, and the engineering basis is transport phenomena theory that deals with the transfer of heat, mass and momentum.

[Otake Denyu]

"Kenji Hashimoto, 'Reaction Engineering' (1979, Baifukan)"

[Reference] | Chemical Engineering | Unit Operations | Unit Reactions

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

化学工業のプロセスは複雑であるが、その多くは原料の調製、化学反応、および生成物の分離・精製などの工程から成り立っている。反応の前後はいずれも物理的なプロセスであり、この体系化によって単位操作が生まれた。反応工程を分類、体系化するために1930年代に単位反応(ユニットプロセス)の概念が提案されたが、工学的要素が強調され、内容が整備拡充されて現在の形態を整えるに至ったのは、アメリカのハウゲンO. A. Hougen(1893―1986)の功績によるところが大きい。その名称もさまざまであったが、反応工学に定着したのは1950年代に入ってからである。

 反応工学は、合理的、経済的な化学プロセスの選定と操作条件の確立ならびに適切な反応装置型式の選定と設計、操作に関する工学であって、単位操作とともに化学工学の重要な分野の一つである。その内容は化学反応の工学的解析と反応装置の設計に大別される。化学プロセスには化学反応のほかに拡散、伝熱といった物理的過程が含まれているから、実験室の反応速度データからこれらの効果を分離して、化学反応の速度式を求めるのが化学反応の工学的解析である。反応装置の設計では、工業的な反応条件において、物理的過程が化学反応にどのような効果を与えるかを評価し、装置の形状や大きさを決定する。この両者はちょうど表裏の関係にある。したがって反応工学の化学的基礎は化学熱力学、反応速度論であり、工学的基礎は熱、物質および運動量の移動を扱う輸送現象論である。

[大竹伝雄]

『橋本健治著『反応工学』(1979・培風館)』

[参照項目] | 化学工学 | 単位操作 | 単位反応

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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