Guards - Banshu

Japanese: 番衆 - ばんしゅ

〘 noun 〙 (also "banshu") 1. A person who keeps watch. A guard. Also, a person who takes turns on duty. A guard. ※Heihanki - Nin'an 3rd year (1168), March 1st "Mikushisho Banshu Sashi Goto Gotoku" ※Heike (early 13th century) 5 "One hundred guards (banshu) at night and fifty in the daytime ( Takarahon ruby) gathered together" 2. A person who takes turns on night duty, guard duty, etc. in the shogunate or imperial court. (i) A job title in the Kamakura and Muromachi shogunates. A general term for those who worked night duty in the camp, guarded the camp inside and outside, and handled other miscellaneous tasks. A guard. ※Azuma Kagami - July 29, 1260 (Bun'o 1) "Guards of the Nakagosho. _Arrived at the Shogosho _and _{received an} order" (B) During the Muromachi period, this refers to the nobles who worked the night shifts at the Imperial Palace and the Sento Palace. ※Santaka Koki - November 8, 1525 (Taei 5) "Received perfume from Byodo-ji Temple, _entered Enman-in Temple at night and _received _one _cup _{of sake} from the guards" (C) During the Muromachi period, this refers to the local people and followers who were responsible for guarding the mansions and temples of feudal lords and powerful people. ※Tenmon Nikki - November 29, 1546 (Tenbun 15) "The Tamedo-shu presented Keishin to Kosai-ji Temple, and the guards presented them next" (D) During the Sengoku period, this refers to the samurai who worked the night shifts at the castles and mansions of feudal lords. ※Yuki clan new law (1556), article 34 "Are those night watchmen helping the thief?" (ho) A title of a job in the Edo Shogunate. A general term for those who were in charge of guarding the Shogun and guarding the Shogun, as well as the defense of important locations such as Edo Castle, Osaka Castle, Nijo Castle, and Sunpu Castle. Guards. There were five types: Oban, Shoinban, Page group, Shinban, and Kojunin group. ※Haiku, Inukoshu (1633), 14 "Surely the guards are looking after their duties, Forging craftsmen (Oyashiro) come from all over the country" ③ A term used to refer to the head clerk in a friendly manner. ※Miscellaneous haiku, Yanagi Taru - 37 (1807), "Such a duty to be on guard, Ogamu Ogamu ya"

Banshu [guard]

〘Noun〙 ⇒ Banshu (guard)

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙 (「ばんしゅう」とも)① 番をする人。番人。また、交替で任にあたる人。番方。※兵範記‐仁安三年（1168）三月一日「御厨子所番衆差御燈御卜」※平家（１３Ｃ前）五「よる百人ひる五十人の番衆(バンシュ)〈高良本ルビ〉をそろへて」② 幕府・朝廷などで、交替制で宿直・警衛などの任にあたる者。(イ) 鎌倉・室町幕府の職名。営中に宿直勤番し、営内外の警衛その他雑務を掌ったものの総称。番方。※吾妻鏡‐文応元年（1260）七月二九日「中御所番衆者。可_レ着_二到于廂御所_一之旨」(ロ) 室町時代、禁裏、仙洞御所に宿直勤番して警衛にあたった公家衆のこと。※実隆公記‐大永五年（1525）閏一一月八日「平等寺香水頂戴、入_レ夜円満院被_レ勤_二一盞_一、番衆同賜_レ酒」(ハ) 室町時代、封建領主や権力者の館、寺院などの警固にあたった郷民、門徒のこと。※天文日記‐天文一五年（1546）一一月二九日「為堂衆広済寺慶信差下之、此次番衆下之」(ニ) 戦国時代、大名の城・館に宿直勤番して警衛にあたった武士のこと。※結城氏新法度（1556）三四条「其夜番衆ぬす人にくみ候か」(ホ) 江戸幕府の職名。江戸城をはじめ、大坂城、二条城、駿府城などの要害地の守備、および将軍の警衛にあたったものの総称。番方。大番、書院番、小姓組、新番および小十人組の五種があった。※俳諧・犬子集（1633）一四「さぞな務を望番衆諸国よりのぼりこそすれ鍛冶細工〈親重〉」③ 番頭を親しんで呼ぶ語。※雑俳・柳多留‐三七（1807）「しちくどく番しうおがむおがむ也」