peers

...First, the power of the barons increased during the reign of Edward II (reigned 1307-26). They transferred the real political power that had been held by the king and his council to the Council of Barons, and gained the right to consult on national affairs such as taxation, declaration of war and peace, and government personnel affairs. Furthermore, during the reign of Edward III (reigned 1327-77), they became distinguished from the others as "peers". On the other hand, as direct taxes, which had been introduced in the previous century, became more important financially, the government frequently convened representatives of the counties (knights) and later representatives of the townspeople to seek their consent to taxation in order to directly grasp the will of the local taxpayers. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "peers" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…まずエドワード2世(在位1307‐26)時代から諸侯勢力が増大した。彼らはそれまで国王と彼の評議会がもっていた政治的な実権を諸侯会議に引き移して，課税，宣戦･講和，政府の人事など国政について協議を行う権利を得，さらにエドワード3世(在位1327‐77)時代には〈貴族身分peers〉として他と区別するようになった。他方，前世紀に導入された直接税が財政的に重要性を増すと，政府は担税者たる地域住民の意思を直接に把握するため，州の代表(騎士)とのちには都市民の代表を頻繁に招集して課税同意を求めた。…

※「peers」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報