Hardenberg, Karl August, Fürst von

Japanese: ハルデンベルク(英語表記)Hardenberg, Karl August, Fürst von
Hardenberg, Karl August, Fürst von
Born: May 31, 1750, Essenrode, Hanover
Died November 26, 1822. Genoa. Prussian politician. He was a bureaucrat in Hanover from 1770 to 1781, served the Duke of Brunswick in 1782, and became the Margraviate of Ansbach-Bayreuth in 1790. The following year, he served the Prussian government after the region was annexed by Prussia. During the French Revolution, he participated in the Wars of the Rhine, and in 1895 he signed the Treaty of Basel on behalf of Prussia. In 1804, he became Prussian Foreign Minister. He actively cooperated with K. Stein's reforms, and in 1810 he succeeded Stein as Chancellor. He energetically promoted liberal administrative and economic reforms, such as the establishment of freedom of business by abolishing guild privileges, financial reform centered on tax reform, granting citizenship to Jews, and the improvement of national education and the promotion of the arts and sciences. He also fully supported the military reforms implemented by G. Scharnhorst and A. Gneisenau. While generally subordinate to France in foreign affairs, he strengthened ties with other great powers such as Great Britain, and after Napoleon I's defeat at Moscow, he persuaded the King to declare war on France in 1813, led the War of Liberation, and signed the Treaty of Paris in 1814. He represented Prussia at the Congress of Vienna in 1814-1815, and although he was somewhat successful in expanding its territory, he was often manipulated by Metternich, and thereafter he tended to compromise with the conservative forces in domestic affairs as well.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1750.5.31. ハノーバー,エッセンローデ
[没]1822.11.26. ジェノバ
ドイツ,プロシアの政治家。 1770~81年ハノーバーの官僚となり,82年ブラウンシュワイク侯に仕え,90年アンスバハ=バイロイト辺境伯領長官となったが,翌年同地のプロシア併合に伴いプロシア政府に仕えた。フランス革命の際,ライン戦争に参加,95年バーゼル条約にプロシアを代表して調印,1804年プロシア外相となった。 K.シュタインの改革に積極的に協力,10年シュタインの跡を継いで宰相となり,ギルドの特権の廃止による営業の自由の確立,税制改革を中心とする財政改革,ユダヤ人への市民権の供与,国民教育の充実と学芸の振興など自由主義的な行政・経済改革を精力的に推進し,G.シャルンホルストや A.グナイゼナウによる軍制改革にも全面的な支援を与えた。外政面では一応フランスに従属しつつ,イギリスなど列強との連帯を強め,ナポレオン1世のモスクワからの敗退後,13年国王を動かしてフランスに宣戦させ,解放戦争を指導して 14年パリ条約に調印した。 14~15年のウィーン会議にはプロシア代表として出席し,領土拡張に一応は成功したものの,多くの場合メッテルニヒの思うままにあやつられ,その後は内政の面でも保守勢力との妥協に傾いた。

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