The capital of Sudan, and the political and economic center. The name comes from the Arabic word meaning "body of an elephant". It was built by Muhammad Ali in 1820. It was destroyed by the Mahdists in 1885, and after 1898, British General Kitchener built a new city on the left bank of the Blue Nile near the confluence with the White Nile. It was the seat of government of the British-Egyptian Sudan until 1956, and became the capital after independence. It is one of the hottest cities in Sudan, one of the hottest countries in the world, with an average temperature of 33.7°C in June and around 23°C in winter. It is connected by railways from Port Sudan, Ubaid, and Aswan, and is also a transit point for river traffic. It developed as the location of the headquarters of major trading companies and processing factories for domestic products such as textiles, gum arabic, glass, printing, and agricultural product processing. Khartoum Bafuri is located across the Blue Nile, and an industrial district was formed there. The city, with its beautiful tree-lined streets, is home to palaces, government offices, universities, churches and mosques of many denominations. It also has an international airport. Population: 1,410,858 (2008). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
スーダンの首都で,政治,経済の中心地。名称は「ゾウの体」を意味するアラビア語に由来。 1820年ムハンマド・アリーによって建設された。 1885年マフディー派によって破壊され,1898年以後イギリスのキッチナー将軍が,ブルーナイル川左岸,ホワイトナイル川との合流点の付近に新市街を建設した。 1956年まで,イギリス=エジプト領スーダンの政庁所在地となり,スーダン独立後首都となった。世界有数の暑熱の国スーダンのなかでも気温の高い都市で,6月の平均気温は 33.7℃,冬でも 23℃前後である。ポートスーダン,ウバイド,アスワン地方からの鉄道が通じ,河川交通の中継地ともなっている。大手商社の本社や,繊維,アラビアゴム,ガラス,印刷,農産物加工など国内生産物の加工工場の所在地として発展した。ブルーナイル川を渡ったところにはハルツームバフリーがあり,工業地区が形成された。美しい街路樹の植えられた市街には,宮殿,官庁,大学などの建物や,多くの宗派の聖堂やモスクが建てられている。国際空港がある。人口 141万858(2008)。
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