Nine-Power Treaty

Japanese: 九ヵ国条約 - きゅうかこくじょうやく（英語表記）Nine-Power Treaty

The correct name is the Treaty between the Nine Powers concerning China. It was signed on February 6, 1922. It was one of the outcomes of the Washington Conference, which was held under the initiative of U.S. President W. Harding to discuss the issue of naval armaments reduction and the Pacific and Far Eastern problems, and was signed between the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy, Japan, China, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Portugal. In this treaty, the nations pledged to protect China's independence and administrative and territorial integrity, and recognized the principles of open door and equal opportunity. This meant that the United States, in response to China's demand for the restoration of its national sovereignty, counterattacked Japan's invasion of China, which began with the Twenty-One Demands, and had the nations recognize, in the form of a treaty, the basic principles of U.S. diplomacy toward China since the 19th century. Furthermore, since the Russo-Japanese War, and particularly during World War I, Japan had been strengthening its monopoly on China, but this treaty saw its progress significantly blocked by the United States, forcing it to take a step back, and this became an important point of contention in Japan-U.S. relations leading up to the Pacific War.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

正しくは「中国に関する九ヵ国条約」 Treaty between the Nine Powers concerning Chinaという。 1922年2月6日調印された中国に関する条約。アメリカの W.ハーディング大統領の主唱のもとに，海軍軍備の縮小問題，および太平洋ならびに極東問題を審議するために開かれたワシントン会議の一成果として，アメリカ，イギリス，フランス，イタリア，日本，中国，ベルギー，オランダ，ポルトガルの間に調印された。この条約によって，列国は中国の独立と行政的，領土的保全を約し，門戸開放，機会均等の原則を承認した。これは，中国の国権回復要求に呼応する形で，アメリカが対華二十一ヵ条要求に始る日本の中国侵略に反撃を加えるとともに，19世紀以来のアメリカの対中国外交の基本原則を，条約の形において列国に承認させたことを意味する。また日露戦争以来，特に第1次世界大戦中，中国への独占的進出を強めてきた日本が，この条約を機会に，アメリカにその行く手を大きくはばまれ，一歩後退を余儀なくされたことになり，太平洋戦争にいたる日米関係の重要な争点をなすものであった。

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