Iinuma Yokusai

Japanese: 飯沼慾斎 - いいぬま・よくさい

Year of death: June 27, 1865 (Keio 1, leap year 5, 5)
Year of birth: Tenmei 3 (1783)
A Dutch medicine doctor and botanist of the late Edo period. His childhood name was Honpei, later Sengo, given name Chojun, commonly known as Tatsuo (2nd generation), pen name Yokusai, and also known as Shoso. He was the second son of Nishimura Shinzaemon, a merchant from Kameyama, Ise Province (Kameyama City). His mother was Iinuma Nagayoshi's second daughter, Tose. At the age of 12, he entered the school of his uncle Iinuma Nagaaki in Ogaki, Mino Province, and later went to Kyoto to study Chinese medicine under Fukui Rontei and botany under Ono Ranzan. At the age of 28, he became a disciple of Udagawa Shinsai in Edo and transferred to Dutch medicine, later opening a practice in Ogaki and becoming a fashion doctor. In 1832 (Tenpo 3), at the age of 50, he handed over his house to his brother-in-law and devoted himself to plant research at his retirement home, Hirabayashi Manor. Not satisfied with pharmacognosy, he studied Western plant classification methods from Dutch books, and observed and classified Japanese plants using Linnaeus' 24 classes, writing the "Soboku Zusetsu" (Illustrated Guide to Plants), which consisted of 20 volumes of herbal medicine and 10 volumes of woody medicine. This illustrated guide, which used a microscope to draw anatomical diagrams of flowers and included leaf patterns, became widely known overseas for its accuracy and beauty, and became the founding book of modern plant taxonomy in Japan. He also dabbled in photography, experimenting with daguerreotypes (silver plate photography) using Dutch books, and his students included photographers such as Kojima Ryugaer. <Works> "Nansei Kinpu", "Nansei Kaisopu", "Nankai Gyopu", "Isetsu" <References> "Iinuma Yokusai", edited by the Editorial Committee for the 200th Anniversary of Iinuma Yokusai's Birth,

(Masaharu Endo)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：慶応1.閏5.5(1865.6.27)
生年：天明3(1783)
江戸後期の蘭方医,植物学者。幼名は本平,のち専吾,名は長順,通称は竜夫(2代),号は慾斎,ほかに蕉窓とも。伊勢国亀山(亀山市)の商人西村信左衛門の次男。母は飯沼長義の次女登勢。12歳で美濃国大垣の伯父飯沼長顕に入塾,のち京都に出て福井榕亭に漢方,小野蘭山に本草学を学ぶ。28歳で江戸の宇田川榛斎に入門し蘭方に転学,のち大垣に開業して流行医となる。天保3(1832)年50歳で家を義弟に譲り,隠居所の平林荘で植物研究に専念。本草学にあき足らず,蘭書で西欧の植物分類法を学び,リンネの24綱法によって日本の植物を観察分類し『草木図説』草部20巻・木部10巻を著した。顕微鏡を使って花の解剖図を描き印葉図を付したこの図説は,その正確さと美しさで海外にも広く知られ,日本における近代的植物分類学の創始の書となった。写真術も試みており,蘭書によってダゲレオタイプ(銀板写真)を実験,門下から小島柳蛙らの写真師を輩出させた。<著作>『南勢菌譜』『南勢海藻譜』『南海魚譜』『医説』<参考文献>飯沼慾斎生誕二百年記念誌編集委員会編『飯沼慾斎』

(遠藤正治)

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