Shogunate - Bakufu

It refers to the headquarters of the Shogun. The word "baku" means a curtain curtain, and the origin of the word comes from the fact that when an army was on the move, a curtain was used to surround the camp and serve as a military camp. Another theory is that "baku" means "large" or "vague," and is based on the military camp, or military camp, that was established in the great desert by a Chinese man named Wei Qing when he conquered the Xiongnu. In Japan, it was the Chinese name for the Konoe Fu, and by extension, the residence of the Konoe Taishogun. Later, in 1190 (Kenkyu 1), when Minamoto no Yoritomo was appointed as the Ukonoe Taishogun, the residence in Kamakura was called the Shogunate, and even after Yoritomo became Shogun in 1192, the term continued to refer to his residence, and therefore referred to the head of a military government and his residence. In history, it refers to the military government itself, with the Shogun at the head, such as the Kamakura, Muromachi, and Edo Shogunates.

[Kiyoo Ito]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

大将軍の本営をいう。幕は帳幕のことで、軍隊が行動するとき随時に幕を用いてその陣を取り巻いて府としたところに語源がある。また一説には、幕は莫（大という意）ないしは漠のことで、昔中国で衛青(えいせい)という者が匈奴(きょうど)を征した際、大砂漠の中に設けた府、つまり軍営に基づくともいわれる。日本では近衛府(このえふ)の唐名、転じて近衛大将の居館をいった。のちに1190年（建久1）源頼朝(よりとも)が右近衛大将に任ぜられると、鎌倉の居館は幕府とよばれ、92年頼朝が征夷大将軍(せいいたいしょうぐん)になったあとも引き続いてその居館をさしたことから、武家政権の首長およびその居館をいった。歴史学では、鎌倉・室町・江戸幕府のように将軍を首長とする武家政権そのものを意味する。

［伊藤清郎］

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