...The caliph was responsible for implementing Islamic law, and therefore the government appointed qadis throughout the country. This principle was established around the end of the 7th century, and before that, most qadis were merely managers of local treasuries, people in charge of distributing spoils, or arbitrators (hakam) in disputes. The Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid was the first to appoint a qadi al-qudat (Great Qadi, the first of which was Abu Yusuf) in the capital, and thereafter the qadi al-qudat (Qadi al-jama'a in the Iberian Peninsula) became responsible for the administration of justice. Until the 10th century, he appointed and dismissed qadis throughout the country in the name of the caliph, and thereafter in his own name. The conditions for appointment were that the qadis be upright (adil) Muslims and have a deep knowledge of Islamic jurisprudence. ... *Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "Qadi Al-Qudat" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…イスラム法施行の責任はカリフにあり,そのため政府は国内各地にカーディーを任命するが,この原則が確立したのは7世紀末ごろで,それ以前にカーディーと称された者の多くは,地方公庫の管理者か戦利品分配の責任者,あるいは紛争の調停者(ハカム)にすぎなかった。アッバース朝カリフ,ハールーン・アッラシードは初めて首都にカーディー・アルクダート(大カーディー,初代がアブー・ユースフ)を置き,その後カーディー・アルクダート(イベリア半島ではカーディー・アルジャマーア)は司法行政の責任者となり,10世紀まではカリフの名において,それ以後は自らの名で全国のカーディーを任免した。行い正しい(アドル)ムスリムで,イスラム法学に造詣の深いことが任命の条件とされた。… ※「カーディー・アルクダート」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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