Parkinson's Law

Japanese: パーキンソンの法則 - ぱーきんそんのほうそく(英語表記)Parkinson's Law
Parkinson's Law

A general term for irrational practices in the organization and management of government and finance, made famous by the book of the same name published in 1957 by the British historian and business researcher Cyril Northeote Parkinson (1909-93). The first "law" is that the number of civil servants increases at a certain rate, regardless of the importance of the work to be done or the presence or absence of work, because senior civil servants need to increase the number of subordinates in order to advance, and this is expressed in a mathematical formula. The second "law" is that in national finances, unlike individual households, there is a bad practice of first deciding on expenditures and then determining income, so taxation will increase infinitely. He expressed this as "money goes in as it goes out." In addition, the book explains many other "laws," such as that committees should be limited to five people, and that if they have more than 20 people, they will be unable to operate, and that civil servants create work for each other, and points out the disadvantages of bureaucratic organizations in sarcastic terms.

[Taguchi Fukuji]

"Parkinson's Law" translated by Haruhiko Morinaga (1965, Shiseido)""Parkinson's Second Law" translated by Masamitsu Fukushima (1965, Shiseido)""Parkinson's Law (New Edition)" translated by Ichiro Ueno (1981, Diamond Publishing)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イギリスの歴史学者・経営研究者パーキンソンCyril Northeote Parkinson(1909―93)が1957年に公刊した同名の書物によって有名になった、行財政の組織と運営における非合理な慣行の総称。その第一「法則」は、公務員の数は、なすべき仕事の軽重とか仕事の有無に関係なく、上級公務員が出世するために部下の数を増やす必要があることから、一定の割合で増加するというもので、それを数式で表現している。第二「法則」は、国の財政では、個人の家計と異なり、まず支出を決定してから収入を定める悪慣行があるため、課税は無限にあがるというもの。彼はこれを「かねは入っただけ出る」と表現している。そのほかにも、委員会の定員は5人に限ることが必要で、20人以上になれば運営不能である、とか、公務員はお互いのために仕事をつくり合う、などの、数多くの「法則」が説かれ、皮肉たっぷりな表現で官僚機構の弊害が指摘されている。

[田口富久治]

『森永晴彦訳『パーキンソンの法則』(1965・至誠堂)』『福島正光訳『パーキンソンの第二法則』(1965・至誠堂)』『上野一郎訳『パーキンソンの法則(新編)』(1981・ダイヤモンド社)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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