American novelist. Officially, Benjamin Franklin Norris. A pioneer of American naturalist literature. Born in Chicago to a wealthy jeweler, he moved to San Francisco at a young age. At the age of 14, he studied in Paris. After returning to Japan, he entered the University of California in 1890, published short stories in the university magazine, and began work on "McTeigue" (published in 1899). In 1894, he became an auditor at Harvard University and began writing "Vandover and the Beast" (published posthumously in 1914). In 1895, he went to South Africa as a newspaper reporter, but fell ill and returned to Japan in 1896. After that, he worked as a reporter for the San Francisco weekly newspaper "Wave", while also publishing his debut work, "Moran of the Lady Letty" (1898), and established himself as a writer. Norris was influenced by Zola and social Darwinism, and depicted humans being destroyed by the forces of heredity and environment, but at the same time, he was also a romance writer who liked grand adventures. This characteristic is evident in the epic novel "The Octopus" (1901), which deals with the conflict between railroad capital and western farmers, and "The Wheat Exchange" (1903), which depicts the wheat trade in Chicago, from the "Wheat Trilogy." However, the third part, "The Wolf," was never completed due to Norris' early death. As a literary theory, Norris's argument that truth-telling is more important than style is summarized in the collection of essays "The Author's Responsibility" (1903). [Kenji Inoue] "Octopus" translated by Noboru Yahiro (1983, Sairyusha) [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの小説家。正式には、Benjamin Franklin Norris。アメリカ自然主義文学の先駆者。シカゴの富裕な宝石商の子として生まれ、幼時サンフランシスコに移住。14歳のときパリに遊学、帰国後1890年にカリフォルニア大学に入学、学内誌に短編を発表し、『マクティーグ』(1899刊)に着手、1894年にハーバード大学の聴講生になり、『バンドーバーと野獣』(1914、没後刊)を書き始める。1895年に新聞記者として南アフリカに行くが病を得て1896年に帰国、以後、サンフランシスコの週刊紙『ウェーブ』の記者として活躍する一方、処女作『レディ・レティ号のモラン』(1898)を発表し、作家としての地位を確立した。ノリスはゾラや社会進化論の影響を受け、遺伝と環境の力によって破滅する人間の姿を描いたが、同時に、壮大な冒険を好むロマンス作家の一面もあった。この特質は「小麦三部作」のうち、鉄道資本と西部農民の抗争を扱った叙事詩的小説『オクトパス(たこ)』(1901)、シカゴの小麦取引を描く『小麦取引所』(1903)に顕著であるが、第三部『狼(おおかみ)』はノリスが夭折(ようせつ)したため完成しなかった。文学理論として、文体よりも真実を語ることを重視するノリスの主張は、評論集『作家の責任』(1903)にまとめられている。 [井上謙治] 『八尋昇訳『オクトパス』(1983・彩流社)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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