Tropical - Nettai

Japanese: 熱帯 - ねったい
Tropical - Nettai

Geographically, it refers to the area between the Tropics of Capricorn and Tropics of Capricorn (latitude 23 degrees 26 minutes). The sun is high in the sky throughout the year, and there is almost no distinction between the four seasons. The temperature rises slightly after the vernal and autumnal equinoxes, when the sun passes through the zenith, but the average temperature is above 20 degrees Celsius. In terms of temperature, some definitions, such as those by German climatologist Köppen, define a tropical area as an area where the coldest month is above 18 degrees Celsius. The area near the Tropics of Capricorn is dry, but precipitation increases toward the equator, reaching the tropical rainforest area directly below the equator. Tropical cyclones, which are the seeds of typhoons, hurricanes, and cyclones, are likely to occur over the tropical ocean (they do not occur on the equator, where the Coriolis force is zero). In addition to the tropical rainforest climate, there are three other climate zones: the tropical monsoon climate and the tropical grassland climate. Currently, there are many developing countries in the area, but in ancient Greece, it was even one of the uninhabited areas (anecmene) except for the highlands.

[Yoshitaka Fukuoka]

Vegetation

Of the region stretching 20 degrees north and south from the equator, tropical rainforests develop in Southeast Asia, Central Africa, and South America, where precipitation is high throughout the year. Dipterocarpaceae trees dominate in Southeast Asia, while legumes dominate elsewhere. As precipitation decreases, the forest changes to savanna and thorny scrub. In a broad sense, the tropics refers to the evergreen broadleaf forest zone (evergreen broadleaf forest zone), which also includes the evergreen broadleaf forest zone (evergreen broadleaf forest zone). Many species of forests in the tropical mountains of Southeast Asia are closely related to evergreen broadleaf forests, so evergreen broadleaf forests are said to have originated in Southeast Asia.

[Tatsuyuki Ohba]

[Reference items] | Climate classification | Köppen | Broadleaf | Savanna climate | Evergreen broadleaf forest | Tropical rainforest climate | Tropical climate | Tropical monsoon climate | Tropical cyclone

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

地理学的には、赤道を中心に南北両回帰線(緯度23度26分)に挟まれた地帯をさす。1年を通じて太陽高度が高くて、四季の区別がほとんどない。天頂を太陽が通過する春分と秋分の少しあとにやや気温が高くなるが、平均20℃以上である。気温による定義ではドイツの気候学者ケッペンのように最寒月でも18℃以上の地域を熱帯とする場合もある。両回帰線付近は乾燥地帯であるが、赤道に向かうにつれて降水量は増し、赤道直下の熱帯雨林地域に達する。熱帯海上には台風やハリケーン、サイクロンなどの卵である熱帯低気圧が発生しやすい(コリオリの力がゼロの赤道上では発生しない)。熱帯雨林気候のほか、熱帯季節風気候(熱帯モンスーン気候)、熱帯草原気候(サバンナ気候)と、三つの気候区からなっている。現在では数多くの開発途上国が分布しているが、古代ギリシア時代には高地を除いては非居住地域(アネクメネ)の一つでさえあった。

[福岡義隆]

植生

赤道を中心として南北20度にわたる地域のうち、年間を通じて降水量の多い東南アジア、中央アフリカ、南アメリカでは熱帯降雨林が発達する。東南アジアではフタバガキ科が、その他ではマメ科の樹木が主となる。降水量が少なくなるにつれてサバンナ、刺(とげ)低木林へと変化する。なお、広義の熱帯では常緑広葉林帯(常緑広葉樹林帯)を意味し、照葉林帯(照葉樹林帯)もこれに含まれる。東南アジアの熱帯山地の森林は照葉林と類縁の深い種類が多いため、照葉林は東南アジアに起源するといわれる。

[大場達之]

[参照項目] | 気候区分 | ケッペン | 広葉樹 | サバンナ気候 | 照葉樹林 | 熱帯雨林気候 | 熱帯気候 | 熱帯季節風気候 | 熱帯低気圧

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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