Netsuke - Netsuke

Japanese: 根付 - ねつけ
Netsuke - Netsuke

A small craft item that is attached to the end of the string of a waist-hanging item and fastened to the obi. It is also called an obiguruma, obi hasami, kensui, or tsuishi. Carrying items such as inro, drawstring bags, and tobacco pouches hanging from the waist has been popular since the early modern period, but it is not clear whether something equivalent to a netsuke was used to fasten items to the obi from the early stages. What is thought to be the precursor to netsuke is a thin metal ring that was passed through the obi and items were tied to it and hung down.

Based on their development, the shapes and types of netsuke can be divided into kara netsuke, kagamibuta netsuke, manju netsuke, katabori netsuke, mask netsuke, etc., as well as ryusa netsuke, sashi netsuke, karabori netsuke, dual-purpose netsuke, and netsuke made from natural objects. Ivory and wood are the most commonly used materials, and in addition to animal fangs, claws, and bones, metal and pottery are also used, and various craft techniques are utilized. The designs are diverse, including gods, mysteries, historical events, customs, plants and animals, and there are also karakuri netsuke with unusual mechanisms.

Well-known netsuke makers include Yoshimura Shuzan, Unjudoin Heimaru, Ogasawara Issai, Miwa, Negoro Sōkyū, Minko, Tametaka, Shugetsu, Deme Uman, Rantei, Tomochika, Hōjitsu, Tokirakumin, Mitsuhiro, and Kaigyokusai Masatsugu, and artisans involved in sculpture and crafts such as Ishikawa Mitsuaki, Asahi Gyokuzan, Morikawa Toen, Ogawa Haritsu, Mochizuki Hanzan, Shibata Zeshin, Ogata Kenzan, Miura Ken'ya, and Tsuchiya Yasuchika also produced netsuke. Netsuke are especially beloved in Europe and America, and are still produced to meet the demand today.

[Hirokazu Arakawa]

"Japanese Netsuke" by Chujiro Sasaki (1979, Toyo Shoin)""Japanese Art 195: Inro and Netsuke" edited by Hirokazu Arakawa (1982, Shibundo)""Netsuke" by Hirokazu Arakawa (1983, Japan Ivory Carvers Association)

Minjiang "Tiger"
Edo period (18th century) Wood Height 2.9cm Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art

Minjiang "Tiger"

Mitsuhiro "Rabbit"
Edo period (mid-19th century) Ivory Height: 2.5 cm Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art

Mitsuhiro "Rabbit"


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

腰にさげる提物(さげもの)の紐(ひも)の先端につけて帯にとめる小工芸品。帯車(おびぐるま)、帯挟(はさみ)、懸垂(けんすい)、墜子(ついし)ともいう。印籠(いんろう)、巾着(きんちゃく)、たばこ入れなどを腰にさげて携帯することは近世以降の流行であるが、提物を帯にとめるにあたって、根付に相当するものが初期の段階から用いられたかどうかは明らかではない。根付の前身とみられるものは金属製の細い環形で、これに帯を通し、提物を結んで垂れた。

 発展過程から根付の形態、種類は掛落(から)根付、鏡蓋(かがみぶた)根付、饅頭(まんじゅう)根付、形彫(かたぼり)根付、仮面根付などに分けられ、そのほか柳左(りゅうさ)根付、差根付、唐彫(からぼり)根付、兼用根付、自然物を利用した根付などがある。材料には象牙(ぞうげ)と木材がもっとも多く用いられ、動物の牙(きば)、爪(つめ)、骨などのほかに、金属や陶器も利用され、工芸の各種技法が駆使されている。意匠は神仙、怪奇、故事、風俗、動植物、その他多種多様であり、奇抜な仕掛けをした絡繰(からくり)根付もある。

 根付師としては、吉村周山(しゅうざん)、雲樹洞院幣丸(しゅめまる)、小笠原(おがさわら)一斎、三輪、根来(ねごろ)宗休、岷江(みんこう)、為隆(ためたか)、舟月、出目右満(うまん)、蘭亭(らんてい)、友親(ともちか)、法実(ほうじつ)、鴇楽民(ときらくみん)、光広、懐玉斎正次らが知られており、彫刻や工芸に携わる工人では石川光明(みつあき)、旭玉山(あさひぎょくざん)、森川杜園(とえん)、小川破笠(はりつ)、望月半山、柴田是真(ぜしん)、尾形乾山(けんざん)、三浦乾也、土屋安親(やすちか)らも根付を制作している。根付はヨーロッパやアメリカでとくに愛玩(あいがん)され、現在もその需要に応じて製作されている。

[荒川浩和]

『佐々木忠次郎著『日本の根付』(1979・東洋書院)』『荒川浩和編『日本の美術195 印籠と根付』(1982・至文堂)』『荒川浩和著『根付』(1983・日本象牙彫刻会)』

岷江「虎」
江戸時代(18世紀) 木 高さ2.9cmメトロポリタン美術館所蔵">

岷江「虎」

光広「兎」
江戸時代(19世紀中ごろ) 象牙 高さ2.5cmメトロポリタン美術館所蔵">

光広「兎」


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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