…There are 14 known isotopes with mass numbers ranging from 243 to 256, and the longest half-life of these is 254 Es (276 days). In 1952, Albert Ghiorso and Glenn Theodore Seaborg of the United States discovered 253 Es (α decay, half-life 20.47 days) from the debris of a thermonuclear explosion experiment in the Pacific Ocean (produced by multiple neutron captures of uranium and several beta decays), and confirmed that it was the 99th element. Later, in 1953, it was discovered that it could also be produced by applying a strong neutron flux to plutonium-239 ( 239 Pu) in a nuclear reactor, and it was also discovered that it could be produced by irradiating uranium-238 ( 238 U) with nitrogen-14 ( 14 N) and bombarding berkelium-249 ( 249 Bk) with helium ions. … From [Chemistry]...The search for transuranium elements continued, and Edwin Mattison McMillan (1907-91) discovered the first transuranium element, neptunium (1940). Later, Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1912- ) and others used advanced accelerators to create and identify a number of transuranium elements, and established the chemistry of these elements. Thus, the discovery of radioactivity opened up a completely new field of inorganic chemistry. ... *Some of the terminology used for "Seaborg, GT" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…知られている同位体は質量数243から256までの14種で,そのうち半減期の最も長いものは254Es(276日)。1952年アメリカのギオーソAlbert Ghiorso,シーボーグGlenn Theodore Seaborgらが,太平洋で行われた熱核爆発実験で得られた破片から253Es(α崩壊,半減期20.47日)を見いだし(ウランの多段階の中性子捕獲と,いくつかのβ崩壊によって生成する),99番元素であることを確かめた。その後,53年原子炉中のプルトニウム239(239Pu)に強い中性子束をあてても得られることが見いだされ,さらにウラン238(238U)に対する窒素14(14N)の照射,バークリウム249(249Bk)へのヘリウムイオンの衝撃などでもつくられることがわかった。… 【化学】より…超ウラン元素の追求も続けられ,マクミランEdwin Mattison McMillan(1907‐91)は初の超ウラン元素ネプツニウムを発見した(1940)。その後シーボーグGlenn Theodore Seaborg(1912‐ )らは,進歩した加速器を用いて数々の超ウラン元素をつくり確認し,これら超ウラン元素の化学を確立した。このように放射能の発見は無機化学のまったく新しい分野を開いた。… ※「Seaborg,G.T.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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