smṛti (English spelling) smrti

Japanese: smṛti(英語表記)smrti
smṛti (English spelling) smrti

...Reflecting the supremacy of the Brahmins since the Vedic period, it is characterized by the fact that many of the provisions give the highest priority to the interests of the Brahmins, or priestly class. The sources of law in the Dharma-Shastra are primarily the divine revelation (śruti) of the Vedic scriptures inherited from the Dharma-Sutras, and the traditions (smṛti) of people well versed in the Vedas, but many other sources also cite the customs of virtuous people (śiṣṭācāra) and the customary laws (deśa-jāti-kula-dharma) that were established within regions, classes, and families. As mentioned above, the Dharma-Shastras were not a collection of laws with actual binding force, but they were respected for a long time as a code of conduct for the common people in Brahmanism and the Hindu society that developed from it.

From Bede

In Brahmanism, the Vedas are not the work of man, but are considered to be revelations from God that the rishis (ṛṣi) received as mystical inspiration, and are called śruti (divine revelation). In contrast, there is the group of writings called smṛti (sacred traditions), which are said to have been written by the rishis themselves, and include various types of writings, but the most important one related to the Vedas is the vedāṅga. This was established as a supplementary science to aid in the understanding of the Vedic texts as they developed, and consists of six parts: (1) śikṣā (phonetics), (2) Kalpa-sūtra (ritual science), (3) vyākaraṇa (grammar), (4) nirukta (etymology), (5) chandas (prosody), and (6) jyotiṣa (astronomy). The Kalpa-sūtra is particularly important in understanding the actual Brahmanical rituals.

*Some of the glossaries that mention "smṛti" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…ベーダ以来のバラモン至上主義を反映して,バラモンすなわち祭官階級の利害を最重要視した規定の多いことが特徴としてあげられる。 〈ダルマ・シャーストラ〉の法源としては,ダルマ・スートラから継承したベーダ聖典の天啓〈シュルティśruti〉およびベーダに精通した人々による伝承〈スムリティsmṛti〉がまず第一にあげられるが,その他に有徳者の慣習〈シシュターチャーラśiṣṭācāra〉や地方,階級,家系の内部でそれぞれに成立した慣習法〈デーシャ・ジャーティ・クラ・ダルマdeśa‐jāti‐kula‐dharma〉を法源としてあげる文献も多い。 〈ダルマ・シャーストラ〉は,上述のとおり実際的な強制力をもった法令集ではなかったが,バラモン教およびそれから発展したヒンドゥー教の社会の中で,民衆の生活の規範として長期にわたり尊重された。…

【ベーダ】より

…バラモン教においては,〈ベーダ〉は人間の手になるものではなく,神の啓示を聖仙(リシṛṣi)が神秘的霊感として感得したものと考えられ,〈シュルティśruti(天啓)〉と呼ばれる。これに対して,聖仙が自ら叙述したものとされる文献群として〈スムリティsmṛti(聖伝)〉があり,さまざまな種類の文献を含むが,〈ベーダ〉に関連したものとしてとくに重要であるのが〈ベーダーンガvedāṅga〉である。これは〈ベーダ〉文献の発達に伴い,その理解を助けるための補助学として成立したもので,(1)シクシャーśikṣā(音声学),(2)カルパ・スートラ(祭式学),(3)ビヤーカラナvyākaraṇa(文法学),(4)ニルクタnirukta(語源学),(5)チャンダスchandas(韻律学),(6)ジョーティシャjyotiṣa(天文学)の6部分より成るが,とくにカルパ・スートラは,バラモン教祭式の実際を知るうえできわめて重要である。…

※「smṛti」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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