Neopirina - Neopirina

Japanese: ネオピリナ - ねおぴりな
Neopirina - Neopirina

In a broad sense, it is a general term for animals belonging to the family Trybliidae of the class Monoplacophora of the phylum Mollusca, and in a narrow sense, it refers to one representative species , Neopilina galatheae . The species Neopilina (Galatea) was collected in 1952 by the Danish research vessel Galatea from the deep sea of ​​Costa Rica, Central America, at a depth of 3,570 meters. It has a cap-shaped shell with a major axis of 37 mm, a minor axis of 35 mm, and a shell height of 13 mm, and has no eyes or head antennae. It has a wide lip and postoral antennae on both sides of the mouth. The anus is located at the rear. It has five pairs of gills. The kidneys and nerves are paired, and the muscle scars on the inner surface of the shell are not horseshoe-shaped but are divided into eight pairs. This feature is seen in Pilina, which appears in fossils from the Upper Cambrian to the Upper Ordovician periods of the Paleozoic Era, and supports the theory that the ancestor of mollusks had a segmented structure like that of annelids. At first, it was reported that the protoconch was rolled, but this is now questioned.

Then, in 1959, N. (Vema) ewingi was discovered off the coast of South America, and since then, 12 species have been reported in this family: two in the central Pacific, seven in the eastern Pacific, two in the Southern Ocean (the area where the southern parts of the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic oceans are connected), and one in the North Atlantic. All Neopirina species live on soft muddy bottoms with temperatures below 2-3°C (with one exception, they live on rocky gravel on the continental shelf), and feed on floating mud. They are typical examples of "living fossils."

[Takashi Okutani]

[Reference] | Shellfish

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

広義には軟体動物門単板綱ネオピリナ科Trybliidaeに属する動物の総称で、狭義にはそのうちの代表的な1種Neopilina galatheaeをさす。種のネオピリナ(ガラテアガイ)は、1952年中央アメリカのコスタリカ沖、水深3570メートルの深海からデンマークの調査船ガラテア号によって採集された。長径37ミリメートル、短径35ミリメートル、殻高13ミリメートルの笠(かさ)形の殼をもち、目と頭部触角はない。口の両側に広い唇弁と口後触角がある。肛門(こうもん)は後方に位置する。えらは5対。腎臓(じんぞう)も神経も対性で、殻内面の筋肉痕(こん)は馬蹄(ばてい)形でなく8対に分かれている。この特徴は、古生代上部カンブリア紀から上部オルドビス紀の化石から現れるピリナPilinaにみられ、軟体動物の祖先が環形動物のような体節構造をもつという説を裏づけるものとされた。最初、胎殻は巻いていると報じられたが、現在はこの点は疑問視されている。

 ついで1959年にユーインガイN. (Vema) ewingiが南アメリカの沖から発見され、以後現在までに同科には、中央太平洋に2種、東太平洋に7種、南大洋(太平洋、インド洋、大西洋の三大洋南部が一続きとなった海域)に2種、北大西洋に1種の合計12種が報告されている。ネオピリナ類は、いずれも水温2~3℃以下の軟らかい泥底にいて(1種だけは例外的に陸棚の岩礫(がんれき)上)、浮泥を餌(えさ)にしている。「生きている化石」の代表的なものである。

[奥谷喬司]

[参照項目] | 貝類

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