Erlitou ruins

Japanese: 二里頭遺跡 - にりとういせき
Erlitou ruins

The site is located in Erlitou Village, Yanshi County, Henan Province, China. The site dates from the Longshan Culture of Henan to the early Yin period, around 2000-1300 BC. The north of the Erlitou site faces the Luo River, and the south is 5 km away from the Yi River. Mount Yi can be seen to the north, and Mount Song to the south. Since ancient times, this region has been the site of many legends related to the Xia and Yin dynasties. The site is about 2.5 km east to west and 1.5 km north to south, and the cultural layers are 2-4 meters deep. Remains include the remains of a palace, small buildings, tombs, and ash pits (underground storage pits), and excavated artifacts include pottery, bronze, and jade. The pottery excavated has been classified into four periods and is a standard relic of the Erlitou culture. The bronze artefacts include jue (arms), halberds, arrowheads, bells, chisels and awls, and are significant as the oldest bronze relics in China. There are several theories regarding the Erlitou culture, including that it is a Xia culture, that it is an early Shang culture, and that the Erlitou I and II periods are Xia and the III and IV periods are early Shang. There is also a theory that the Erlitou site corresponds to the location of Xibaku, where the first Shang king, Tang, established his capital, but this is not certain.

[Takeji Iijima]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国、河南(かなん/ホーナン)省偃師(えんし)県二里頭村にある遺跡。遺跡の年代は、河南竜山文化から殷(いん)前期の紀元前2000~前1300年ごろにあたる。二里頭遺跡の北は洛河(らくが)に臨み、南は5キロメートルで伊河に達する。北には邙山(ぼうざん)を、南には嵩山(すうざん)を望むことができ、古来、この地方には「夏(か)」や「殷」に関する伝承が多い。遺跡は東西約2.5キロメートル、南北約1.5キロメートルの広さで、文化層の堆積(たいせき)は2~4メートルに達している。遺構としては、宮殿址(し)、小型建築址、墓、灰坑(かいこう)(地下貯蔵穴)があり、出土遺物には、土器、青銅器、玉器の類がある。出土した土器は4期に編年され、二里頭文化の標準遺物となっている。青銅器には、爵(しゃく)、戈(か)、鏃(ぞく)、鈴(れい)、鑿(のみ)、錐(きり)などがあり、中国でもっとも古い青銅遺物として重要な意味をもっている。二里頭文化に関しては、これを夏代の文化とする説、殷前期の文化とする説、二里頭Ⅰ・Ⅱ期を夏、Ⅲ・Ⅳ期を殷前期とする説などがある。また二里頭遺跡を殷第1代の湯(とう)王が都を置いた「西亳(せいはく)」の地に比定する説もあるが確かではない。

[飯島武次]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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