Derris (English spelling)

Japanese: デリス - でりす(英語表記)derris
Derris (English spelling)

A climbing shrub of the legume family (APG classification: Fabaceae), it resembles wisteria at first glance. It is found in Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Vietnam, the Malay Peninsula, Indonesia, New Guinea, etc. The branches are densely covered with soft hairs and spread horizontally. The leaves are odd-pinnate compound, 18-38 cm long, with 9-13 leaflets that are obovate or oblanceolate with a sharp tip. The pale pink flowers are about 1.8 cm long and grow in large racemes (18-25 cm long).

In Southeast Asia, the roots, stems and leaves have long been crushed and dumped into rivers and ponds for the purpose of catching fish, or used as an ingredient in arrow poison (this is called toeba or tuba). There are many types of plants used for toeba, but this species is the most common. Toba is also used in pesticides as a repellent and contact poison against pests, but the concentrations are such that it does not cause any damage to humans, animals or plants. Rotenone, a component contained in derris, is highly toxic to fish even in very small amounts. Rotenone was first extracted from the roots of Millettia pachycarpa Benth. ( M. taiwaniana Hayata), which is used for the same purpose in Taiwan. In the Malay Peninsula, P. malaccensis (Benth.) Adema ( D. malaccensis Prain), and in India, D. ferruginea Bentham, are used in the same way as derris.

[Motoo Nagasawa October 18, 2019]

[Reference] | Dokufuji

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

マメ科(APG分類:マメ科)のつる性低木で、一見フジに似ている。ミャンマー(ビルマ)、タイ、ベトナム、マレー半島、インドネシア、ニューギニア島などに分布する。枝は軟毛が密生し、横にはう。葉は奇数羽状複葉で長さ18~38センチメートル、小葉は倒卵形または倒披針(ひしん)形で、先は急にとがり、9~13個からなる。淡紅色の花は、長さ約1.8センチメートルで、大きな総状花序(長さ18~25センチメートル)をつくる。

 東南アジアでは古くから魚をとる目的で、根、茎、葉をつき砕いて河川や池に流したり、矢毒の一成分として用いてきた(これをトバtoeba, tubaと称する)。トバに用いる植物の種類は多いが、もっとも主要とされるのが本種である。また、トバは害虫に対する忌避剤、接触毒として農薬にも用いられるが、その濃度は人畜や植物に薬害を生じない程度のものである。デリスに含まれるロテノンという成分は、ごく微量で魚に猛毒を現す。ロテノンは台湾で同様の目的に使用するドクフジMillettia pachycarpa Benth.(M. taiwaniana Hayata)の根から初めて取り出されたものである。マレー半島ではマラケンシス種P. malaccensis (Benth.) Adema(D. malaccensis Prain)を、インドではナガミノシイノキカズラ(フェルジネア種)D. ferruginea Benthamをデリスと同様に用いる。

[長沢元夫 2019年10月18日]

[参照項目] | ドクフジ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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