...There are thought to be other languages that have yet to be investigated, so the exact number of languages is unknown. Traditionally, the characteristics of this language family have been emphasized as being "monosyllabic" or "isolated," but in fact many languages have complex phoneme systems and complicated grammatical structures, such as the languages of the Himalayan region and the Gyalong language spoken in the northwestern part of Sichuan Province in China. The language of the Chin people living in the Chin Special Region of Myanmar also has complicated verb morphology and personal affixes, and some Chin languages have different structures between spoken and written forms. From the Tibeto-Burman group…(1) Tibetan language group (a) Tibetan language family: Tibetan, found in the Tibet Autonomous Region, Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai, etc., has five major dialects: central, northeastern, eastern, western, and southern. (b) Gyaron language family: found in northern Sichuan, has five known dialects. (c) Chang language family: found in northern Sichuan, has Chang language, which is divided into southern and northern dialects, and Pumi language. … From [Tibetan script]…Example: bsgrigs, Lhasa dialect [^iˑʔ]. Tibetan characters have been used over a wide area for over a thousand years, so many languages were written in Tibetan, including the Nam language spoken in northeastern Tibet in the 8th century, the Shangshung language of the Shangshung country in western Tibet, the Gyaron language of Sichuan Province, and the Tos language of the Lolo language family in later times. Characters derived from Tibetan characters include the Phag-pa script, which was invented in the 13th century to write Mongolian (Mongolian) language, and the Lepcha script, which was created in the 18th century to write the Lepcha language of Sikkim. … *Some of the terminology that refers to "Gyaron language" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…ほかに,なお未調査の言語もあると考えられ,正確な言語数はわからない。従来この語族の言葉は,〈単音節語〉とか〈孤立語〉という特徴が強調されてきたが,実際にはヒマラヤ地域の諸言語や中国四川省の北西部で話されるギャロン語のように,複雑な音素体系や込み入った文法組織をもつ言語も多い。ミャンマーのチン特別地区に住むチン族の言語も動詞は面倒な形態変化や人称接辞をもち,また一部のチン語では口語体と文語体で違った構造を示している。… 【チベット・ビルマ語派】より…(1)チベット語群 (a)チベット語系 チベット自治区,四川・甘粛・青海省などに分布するチベット語には,中央部・東北部・東部・西部・南部の五大方言がある。 (b)ギャロン(嘉戎)語系 四川省北部に分布,五方言が知られる。 (c)チャン(羌)語系 四川省北部に分布し,南・北方言に分かれるチャン語のほかにプミ(普米)語がある。… 【チベット文字】より…例,〈整える(過去形)〉bsgrigs ラサ方言[^iˑʔ]。 チベット文字は千数百年,広い地域で用いられてきたから,8世紀にチベット東北部で話されていたナム語,チベット西部のシャンシュン国のシャンシュン語,時代を下って四川省のギャロン語,ロロ語系のトス語など,さまざまの言語がチベット文字で書写された。 チベット文字から派生した文字としては,13世紀にモンゴル(蒙古)語を書くために考案されたパスパ文字と,18世紀にシッキムのレプチャ語を書くために作られたレプチャ文字がある。… ※「ギャロン語」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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