The urethra is a tube that drains urine stored in the bladder out of the body, and the male urethra is significantly longer than the female. The male urethra extends from the anterior lower end of the bladder to the external urethral opening at the tip of the penis, and is curved in an S shape overall. Its length is approximately 16-18 cm in Japanese men and approximately 20 cm in Western men. The total length of the urethra is divided into three major parts: the prostatic part, the diaphragmatic part, and the corpus cavernosum part. These three parts differ from each other in terms of structure and relationship to the surroundings. The prostatic urethra is the widest, and runs through the clitoris-shaped prostate from its base to its tip. At the center of the prostatic urethra is a raised area called the verumontanum, and on its edge is a pair of openings for the ejaculatory ducts from the vas deferens. At the edge of the verumontanum, the prostatic ducts from the prostate gland open with numerous openings. In addition, at the center of the verumontanum is a small opening called the prostatic ventricle. This is the lower end of the atrophied Mullerian duct during fetal development, and is sometimes called the male uterus, as it corresponds to the female uterus and vagina. The diaphragmatic area is the shortest and narrowest. It is the part that penetrates the urogenital diaphragm that forms the bottom of the pelvis, and on both sides of this area are the bulbourethral glands (also called Cowper's glands after the British surgeon W. Cowper (1666-1706)). The bulbourethral glands secrete a viscous alkaline fluid. This secretion is said to neutralize urine and ensure that sperm can pass through without any problems. The corpus cavernosum is the longest part, and hangs downwards except during erection. The part of the glans close to the external urethral opening expands to form the urethral navicular fossa. The external urethral opening is also a vertical cleft. The female urethra is short and thick, about 4 centimeters long. It travels forward from the bladder along the anterior wall of the vagina in an arching shape, opening at the external urethral orifice in the vaginal vestibule. The inner surface of the urethra is covered with mucous membrane and contains numerous urethral glands that secrete mucus, but the female urethra has fewer urethral glands than the male. The male urethra is the passageway for urine as well as the ejaculation of semen, whereas the female urethra only serves as a passageway for urine. [Kazuyo Shimai] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
膀胱(ぼうこう)にたまった尿を体外に排出する管(くだ)で、男性の尿道は女性に比べて著しく長い。男性の尿道は、膀胱の前下端から陰茎先端の外尿道口までをいい、全体としてS字状の彎曲(わんきょく)をしている。長さは日本人で約16~18センチメートル、欧米人では約20センチメートルである。尿道の全長は前立腺(ぜんりつせん)部、隔膜部、海綿体部に3大別される。この3部分は、構造および周囲との関係からみると、それぞれに異なっている。 前立腺部は、尿道がもっとも幅広く、クリの実状の前立腺をその底部から先端に向かって貫くようにして走る。前立腺部の尿道の中央底面には精丘という隆起部分がみられ、この縁には精管からの射精管の開口部が1対認められる。また、精丘の縁には、前立腺からの前立腺管が多数の開口部をもって開いている。さらに、精丘の中央部には前立腺小室とよぶ小口がみられる。これは、胎生期のミュラー管が萎縮(いしゅく)して、その下端部が残ったもので、女性の子宮、腟(ちつ)に相当することから、男性の子宮などとよぶことがある。隔膜部は、もっとも短くて狭い。骨盤の底部を形成する尿生殖隔膜を貫く部分で、この部分の両側に尿道球腺がある(イギリスの外科医カウパーW. Cowper(1666―1706)にちなみカウパー腺ともいう)。尿道球腺は粘性のあるアルカリ性の分泌液を分泌する。この分泌液は尿を中和し、精子通過に支障のないようにする働きをもつとされている。海綿体部は、もっとも長い部分で、勃起(ぼっき)時以外は下方に下がっている。亀頭(きとう)内のうち、外尿道口に近い部分は拡張して尿道舟状窩(か)となっている。また、外尿道口は縦裂口である。 女性の尿道は、約4センチメートルで、短くて太い。尿道は膀胱から腟前壁を弓状に前方に進み、腟前庭の外尿道口に開く。尿道の内面は粘膜に覆われ、多数の尿道腺があり、粘液を分泌しているが、女性の尿道は、男性に比べると尿道腺が少ない。なお、男性の尿道は、尿の通路であるとともに精液の射出路ともなるが、女性の場合は尿の通路だけである。 [嶋井和世] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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