Following on from Italy's Neorealism just after World War II and France's Nouvelle Vague in the late 1950s, this name was given to a new film movement that finally emerged in West Germany from the late 1960s to the 1970s. After the war, German film was on a steady decline and disappearance, as symbolized by the dissolution of the 25-year-old company UFA, and it lost its strength when Germany was divided into East and West. In West Germany, however, outstanding talents emerged from the Trümmerfilme, films from the rubble that denounced the crimes of the Nazis and spoke out about the current state of devastation and hunger: Helmut Keutner (The Last Bridge, 1954) and then Bernhard Bicki (The Bridge, 1959). However, both were absorbed by Hollywood, and all that was left were melodramas and motherly films, such as the Arbeiterfilme, made in Berlin, and the Heimatfilme, made in Munich. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
第2次世界大戦直後のイタリアの〈ネオレアリズモ〉,1950年代末のフランスの〈ヌーベル・バーグ〉などに次いで,ようやく60年代末から70年代にかけて西ドイツで起こった新しい映画の動きがこの名で呼ばれる。戦後のドイツ映画は,25年の歴史をもつウーファ社の解体に象徴されるように衰退と消滅の一途をたどり,東西ドイツに分割されて力を失い,西ドイツでは,それでも,ナチスの犯罪を告発し,荒廃と飢餓の現状を訴える〈瓦礫(がれき)映画Trümmerfilme〉のなかからヘルムート・コイトナー(《最後の橋》1954),次いでベルンハルト・ビッキ(《橋》1959)というすぐれた才能が輩出するが,ともにハリウッドに吸収され,そのあとに残されたものは,ベルリンでつくられていた〈労働者映画Arbeiterfilme〉とミュンヘンでつくられていた〈郷土映画Heimatfilme〉という母もの映画やメロドラマだけというありさまであった。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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