Széchenyi István

Japanese: セーチェニ（英語表記）Széchenyi István

Born: September 21, 1791 in Vienna
[Died] April 8, 1860. Döbrink, near Vienna. Hungarian politician. Born into a noble family. Participated in the anti-Napoleonic wars. Afterwards, traveled to France and England and felt Hungary's backwardness. Advocated modernization of Hungary through the introduction of Western European civilization. Founded the Hungarian Academy of Sciences with his own money (1825) and contributed to reform of the Magyar language. He also worked on improving navigation on the Danube River and introduced steamships (30). Wrote many pamphlets in which he advocated economic modernization and criticized the extravagant habits of the nobles. However, because he was loyal to the Habsburgs and insisted on gradual reform, he lost the support of young people in the 1840s and came into conflict with Kossuth. During the 1848 revolution, he joined the Bachányi cabinet, but when Austria began to intervene, he went insane and was admitted to a hospital near Vienna. In 1859, he published a document criticizing Austria's tyranny, and was charged with disturbing the peace. He committed suicide the following April.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1791.9.21. ウィーン
[没]1860.4.8. ウィーン近郊デーブリンク
ハンガリーの政治家。大貴族の出身。反ナポレオン戦争に参加。その後フランス，イギリスを旅行してハンガリーの後進性を痛感。西ヨーロッパ文明の導入によるハンガリーの近代化を主張。私財を投じて「ハンガリー科学アカデミー」を創設し (1825) ，マジャール語の改革に貢献。またドナウ川航路の改良事業を行い，蒸気船を導入した (30) 。多くのパンフレットを著わして経済近代化を説き，大貴族の浪費癖を批判。しかしハプスブルク家への忠誠と漸進的改革に固執したため，1840年代には青年層の支持を失い，コシュートと対立した。 1848年革命に際してはバチャーニュ内閣に入閣したが，オーストリアの干渉が開始されると発狂し，ウィーン近郊の病院に収容された。 59年オーストリアの専制政治を批判する文書を発表し，治安妨害容疑に問われて，翌年4月自殺。

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