A region on the Mediterranean coast in northwestern Libya, North Africa. Libya is made up of three regions, the others being Cyrenaica in the east and Fezzan in the southwest inland. Most of the country is desert, but this region receives little rainfall and is densely populated. Located almost north of the 29th parallel, it has five governorates: Misrata, Al-Qum, Az-Zaywaya, Tripoli, and Karayan. It has an area of about 350,000 square kilometers and a population of about 1.5 million. In terms of topography, the region is divided into the coastal plain of Jeffara, Jebel behind it at an altitude of 200 to 300 meters, and the gently sloping inland plateau of Jibra. Summers are hot and dry throughout the region, but winters are slightly cooler in Jeffara and Jebel, with 200 to 400 millimeters of rainfall from October to March, allowing the vegetation to regain its greenery. However, Jibra receives an annual rainfall of less than 200 millimeters and is a desert with almost no vegetation, with the only places people live being oases where spring water is available. From spring to summer, when low pressure systems move eastward across the Mediterranean Sea, hot winds mixed with sand known as "Jhibra" blow out from within the desert into this region. [Hiroshi Fujii] historyDuring the Roman period, this region was called the "granary of Rome", but after World War I, tens of thousands of Italian immigrants were sent to the region and established farms cultivating wheat, tobacco, vegetables, olives, and fruit trees. Even today, the coastal area is the country's largest agricultural area. Tripoli has food and textile industries, Misrata has steel industries, and the Kadames Oasis is known as an old caravan stop. Since 1551, it has been under the control of the Ottoman Empire. In 1911, the Italian army invaded, and the following year, it became an Italian colony along with Cyrenaica, but the region resisted the Italian army, led by Suleiman Baruni. During World War II, it was occupied by the British army in 1943 and came under military rule. After the war, Italy claimed ownership of the region due to the large Italian population, and the Tripolitanian residents' representatives claimed independence as a single state, but in 1951, it gained independence with the other two regions as the United Kingdom of Libya. [Hiroshi Fujii] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
北アフリカ、リビア北西部の地中海沿岸にある地方。リビアは3地方よりなり、ほかに東部のキレナイカ、南西内陸部のフェザンがある。大部分が砂漠のこの国で、少ないながら降雨があり、人口が集中している地方である。ほぼ北緯29度以北に位置し、ミスラータ、アルクム、アズザイワヤ、トリポリ、カラヤンの5県がある。面積約35万平方キロメートル、人口約150万。 地形では海岸平野のジェファラ、その背後の標高200~300メートルのジュベル、内陸のなだらかな台地ジブラに区分される。夏は全域とも暑く乾燥するが、冬はジェファラ、ジュベルではやや涼しくなり、10月から3月にかけ200~400ミリメートルの雨が降り、植物は緑を取り戻す。しかしジブラは年降水量200ミリメートル以下で、植生のほとんどない砂漠であり、人が居住するのは湧水(ゆうすい)の得られるオアシスのみである。春から夏にかけ低気圧が地中海を東進すると、砂漠内部から砂混じりの熱風「ジブリ」がこの地方に吹き出す。 [藤井宏志] 歴史ローマ時代、この地方は「ローマの穀倉」とよばれたが、第一次世界大戦後、数万人のイタリア人移民が送り込まれ、小麦、タバコ、野菜、オリーブ、果樹などを栽培する農園を開いた。現在でも沿岸部はこの国第一の農業地帯である。トリポリでは食品、繊維、ミスラータでは鉄鋼の工業があり、カダメス・オアシスは古くからの隊商泊地として知られる。1551年以後オスマン帝国の支配下にあった。1911年イタリア軍が侵攻し、翌12年キレナイカとともにイタリアの植民地となったが、この地方ではスレイマン・バルーニーを中心にイタリア軍への抵抗運動を行った。第二次世界大戦中の1943年イギリス軍が占領し、軍政下に入った。戦後イタリアはイタリア人が多いことを理由にこの地方の領有を主張し、トリポリタニア住民代表は単一国家としての独立を主張したが、1951年他の2地方とともにリビア連合王国として独立した。 [藤井宏志] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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