Battle of the Yellow Sea

Japanese: 黄海海戦 - こうかいかいせん

The largest naval battle during the First Sino-Japanese War. The Chinese Beiyang Fleet had 14 ships (6 ironclads) against the Japanese Combined Fleet of 12 ships (1 ironclad) under Commander-in-Chief Ito Sukeyuki. The Combined Fleet had 11 large-caliber guns of 20 cm or more compared to the Beiyang Fleet's 21. However, the Chinese fleet had 209 medium-caliber guns and a speed of 16 kn, outnumbering the Chinese fleet's 141 guns and 14 kn. At 11:30 on September 17, 1894, the Yoshino raised a signal to indicate that it had spotted the Chinese fleet, and at noon the Japanese fleet formed a line and headed north, passing in front of the Chinese fleet which was heading south. At 0:50, the Chinese side began firing at a distance of 5,800 m, and at 0:55, the Japanese fleet began firing at a distance of 3,000 m. In the four and a half hour battle, the Beiyang Fleet lost the Jingyuan (2900t displacement), Zhiyuan (2300t displacement), and Chaoyong (1350t displacement), while the Yangwei (1350t) and Guangjia (1300t displacement) ran aground during the escape. The Combined Fleet suffered considerable damage, including the flagship Matsushima, but no ships were sunk. With this battle, Japan gained control of the Yellow Sea, laying the foundation for victory in the war. In the Russo-Japanese War, a decisive battle between the Japanese and Russian fleets took place on August 10, 1904, from outside Port Arthur to the coast of Shandong, resulting in a victory for the Japanese Combined Fleet. This battle is also known as the Battle of the Yellow Sea.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

日清戦争中最大の海戦。伊東祐亨 (すけゆき) 司令長官の日本連合艦隊 12隻 (うち甲鉄艦1隻) に対し，清国の北洋艦隊は 14隻 (甲鉄艦6隻) でのぞみ，20cm以上の大口径砲では，北洋艦隊 21門に対し，連合艦隊は 11門と劣っていたが，逆に中口径で 209門，速力 16knをもって，清国側の 141門，14knにまさっていた。 1894年9月 17日 11時 30分，『吉野』が清国艦隊発見の信号を掲げ，正午，日本艦隊は単縦陣をとって北上，南下する清国艦隊の前を横切って進んだ。0時 50分，距離 5800mで清国側が砲撃を開始し，0時 55分，距離 3000mで日本艦隊が発砲を開始した。4時間半にわたる海戦で，北洋艦隊は『経遠』 (排水量 2900t) ，『致遠』 (2300t) ，『超勇』 (1350t) が沈み，『揚威』 (1350t) ，『広甲』 (1300t) は遁走中に座礁した。連合艦隊は旗艦『松島』をはじめ相当な被害を受けたが，沈没した艦はなかった。この海戦で，日本は黄海の制海権を手に入れ，戦勝の基礎を得た。日露戦争でも 1904年8月 10日，旅順港外から山東沖にかけて日露両艦隊の間に決戦が行われ，日本連合艦隊の勝利に帰した。これもまた黄海海戦という。

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