This 7,804-meter-long double-track railway tunnel runs between Atami and Kannami on the Tokaido Main Line. Construction began in 1918 (Taisho 7) and opened in 1934 (Showa 9). Before the opening of the Tanna Tunnel, the Tokaido Main Line passed through Gotemba, which had a steep gradient of 25/1000, making it a bottleneck for transportation. An improved line with a maximum gradient of 10/1000 was planned, and this tunnel, which crosses the northern mountainous region of the Izu Peninsula from east to west, was excavated. The opening of the Tanna Tunnel shortened the Tokaido Main Line's section between Kozu and Numazu by 11.6 kilometers. The initial construction period was scheduled to be seven years, but difficulties arose due to the large amount of high-pressure spring water, hot spring soil (clay altered by the boiling water of hot springs, which has expansive properties), and faults, and it took 16 years to complete. There were four major accidents during construction, three of which resulted in fatalities on the job. (1) In a collapse near the east entrance at 990 feet (about 302 meters) on April 1, 1921 (Taisho 10), 33 workers were buried, 16 died, and 17 were rescued after being buried alive for eight days. This was due to the calm guidance of Moriichi Kadoya and Seita Iida (1889-1975), and the details of the accident were reported in the newspapers at the time. (2) In an accident near the west entrance at 4,950 feet (about 1,509 meters) on February 10, 1924, 16 workers were buried under the rubble and died on the job. (3) On November 26, 1930 (Showa 5), the North Izu earthquake caused a collapse near the west entrance at 10,800 feet (about 3,292 meters), 5 workers were buried, 2 were rescued, and 3 died on the job. Including these serious accidents, a total of 67 construction workers lost their lives during the tunnel construction, making it the most difficult railway tunnel construction project in the history of Japan. [Hiroshi Fujii] New Tanna TunnelThis double-track railway tunnel is 7,959 meters long and runs between Atami and Mishima on the Shinkansen line. It is 50 meters north of the Tanna Tunnel on the Tokaido Main Line. Construction began in 1941 as a bullet train tunnel between what was then Tokyo and Shimonoseki, but was halted in August 1943 due to World War II. It led the way in construction of the Tokaido Shinkansen line, and construction resumed in 1959 (Showa 34), and opened in 1964. Making use of the experience gained from the Tanna Tunnel construction, pilot tunnels (small cross-section tunnels) were advanced to drain the spring water and excavate the hot spring soil section and the Tanna fault section. Instead of the traditional wooden supports, H-shaped steel arch supports were used to ensure the safety of the construction. [Hiroshi Fujii] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
東海道本線熱海(あたみ)―函南(かんなみ)間の長さ7804メートルの複線鉄道トンネル。1918年(大正7)着工し、1934年(昭和9)開通。丹那トンネル開通前、東海道本線は御殿場(ごてんば)を経由しており、1000分の25の急勾配(こうばい)区間があって輸送の隘路(あいろ)となっていた。そこで最急勾配を1000分の10とする改良線が計画され、伊豆半島北部山地を東西に横断するこのトンネルが掘進された。丹那トンネルの開通により、東海道本線国府津(こうづ)―沼津(ぬまづ)間が11.6キロメートル短縮された。当初工期は7年であったが、多量の高圧湧水(ゆうすい)、温泉余土(温泉の熱湯によって変質した粘土。膨張性をもつ)、断層などのために難渋し、16年の年月をかけて完成した。 工事中の大事故は4回を数え、とくに殉職者を出した大事故は次の3回であった。(1)1921年(大正10)4月1日の東口990フィート(約302メートル)付近の崩壊事故では、33人の作業員が埋没され、16人が死亡、17人は8日間の生埋め後に救出された。門屋盛一、飯田清太(1889―1975)両氏の沈着な指導によるもので、当時の新聞に事故状況が詳細に報道されている。(2)1924年2月10日の西口4950フィート(約1509メートル)付近の事故では、16人の作業員が土砂に埋没し殉職している。(3)1930年(昭和5)11月26日、北伊豆地震により、西口1万0800フィート(約3292メートル)付近が崩壊、5人が埋没し、2人は救助されたが3人が殉職した。 トンネル工事中に、これらの大事故を含め合計67人の工事殉職者を出し、日本の鉄道トンネル工事史上、最大の難工事であった。 [藤井 浩] 新丹那トンネル新幹線の熱海―三島(みしま)間の長さ7959メートルの複線鉄道トンネル。東海道本線丹那トンネルの北側を50メートル離れて併設されている。1941年、当時の東京―下関(しものせき)間弾丸鉄道トンネルとして着工したが、1943年8月第二次世界大戦のため工事は中止された。東海道新幹線工事のトップをきって、1959年(昭和34)工事再開、1964年開通。丹那トンネル工事の経験を生かし、導坑(小断面のトンネル)を先進させ湧水を排出させて温泉余土区間、丹那断層区間を掘進している。従来の木材支保工にかえて、H形鋼アーチ支保工を使用し、工事の安全性を確保した。 [藤井 浩] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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