Because the Earth rotates from west to east, all the stars appear to move from east to west relative to the Earth's surface when viewed from an observer on the Earth. This motion is called diurnal motion. If the stars in the night sky are scattered across a celestial sphere, the celestial sphere itself can be thought of as rotating in the opposite direction to the Earth's rotation, with the line connecting the celestial north pole and the south pole as its axis (which coincides with the Earth's axis of rotation). The time it takes for one rotation to occur is equal to the Earth's rotation period, which is 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds (one sidereal day). In diurnal motion in the Northern Hemisphere, stars near the celestial north pole are circumpolar stars, while stars far from the celestial north pole move across the horizon. In this case, the stars rise from the eastern horizon at a slant to the south, are closest to the south when they reach their highest point (the altitude at this point is called meridian), and set at a slant to the north over the western horizon. The diurnal motion of the stars seen from the equator is vertical, rising above the eastern horizon and setting above the western horizon, while the diurnal motion at the North and South Poles rotates parallel to the Earth. [Masatoshi Kitamura and Akira Okazaki] [Reference] |In the northern sky, the stars appear to move counterclockwise around the North Star (a thick, short arc near the center). Photographed in Tateyama, Nakaniikawa District, Toyama Prefecture © Toyama City Museum of Natural History "> Diurnal motion in the northern sky Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
地球が西から東へ自転しているため、その地球に乗っている観測者から見ると、すべての星は地上に対して東から西へ動いているように見える。この動きを日周運動という。夜空の星が天球上に散りばめられたものとすれば、この天球自体が、天の北極と南極とを結ぶ線を軸(地球の自転軸と一致)として、地球自転と反対向きに回転していると考えることができる。この1回転の時間は地球の自転周期に等しく、23時間56分4秒である(一恒星日)。北半球における日周運動では、天の北極近くの星は周極星となるが、天の北極から離れた星は地平線を横切って運動する。その場合、星は東側の地平線から南に傾いて昇り、いちばん高く昇ったとき南にもっとも寄り(このときの高度を南中高度という)、西側の地平線に北に傾いて沈む。赤道上で見る星の日周運動は、東の地平線から垂直に昇り、西の地平線に垂直に沈む。一方、北極や南極における日周運動は大地に平行に回る。 [北村正利・岡崎 彰] [参照項目] |北の空では、星は北極星(中心近くの太く短い円弧)を中心に反時計回りに動いているように見える。富山県中新川郡立山町にて撮影©富山市科学博物館"> 北天の日周運動 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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