Nijo family

(1) The Fujiwara clan. One of the five regent families. In the mid-Kamakura period, the founder was Yoshizane, the second son of Kujo Michiie. The family was called Nijo because they lived in the Nijo-Kyogoku residence. Yoshizane became the regent in 1242 (Ninji 3), and his descendants stood alongside the other regent families. In the late Kamakura period, Michihira participated in Emperor Godaigo's plot to overthrow the shogunate, and his younger brother Moromoto served the Southern Court. Yoshimoto, Michihira's son, served the Northern Court and was also famous as a scholar. His grandson took one character of Yoshimitsu Ashikaga's name and became Mitsumoto, which became the example of the Ashikaga and Tokugawa Shoguns taking one character of their names throughout the Muromachi and Edo periods. During the Edo period, his stipend was 1,700 koku. After the Meiji Restoration, he was granted the title of duke.

[Harutake Iikura]

(2) The name of a family descended from the Mikohidari family, a branch of the Fujiwara clan (late Kamakura to the Nanboku-cho period). Its ancestor was Tameuji, the eldest son of Tameie, the son of Teika. The family took its name from the inheritance of the house on the Nijo-oji side of Teika's Nijo-Kyogoku residence, and it was Tameyo, the son of Teika, who gave it the name "Nijo" (Tameuji only called himself "Fujiwara"). However, it is common to refer to the family as having originated from Tameuji, along with the Kyogoku family of Tameie's son Tamenori, and the Reizei family of Tamesuke. The family was important as the direct line of waka masters since Shunzei and Teika, and after the two lines were separated, the Kyogoku and Reizei families (schools) became associated with the Jimyoin line, which inevitably led to them becoming associated with the Daikakuji line. Since Tameuji selected "Zoku Shuishū," successive generations of the family have been composers of waka poetry by imperial order.

After the division of the Northern and Southern Courts, the school temporarily lost its influence in the Northern Court, but Tameyo's grandson, Tameyo, gained the support of the Shogun Ashikaga Takauji and became a master once again, producing three imperial anthologies. However, at the end of the Northern and Southern Courts period, the school was cut off due to a lack of talented people or because the school was murdered.

[Shuichi Fukuda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

(1)藤原氏。五摂家(ごせっけ)の一つ。鎌倉中期九条道家(くじょうみちいえ)の第2子良実(よしざね)を祖とする。二条京極(きょうごく)の邸に住んだところから二条と称す。良実は1242年（仁治3）関白(かんぱく)となり、以後子孫は他の摂家と並び立った。鎌倉末期道平(みちひら)は後醍醐天皇(ごだいごてんのう)の討幕計画に加わり、弟師基(もろもと)は南朝に仕えた。道平の子良基(よしもと)は北朝に仕え、学者としても有名。その孫が足利義満(あしかがよしみつ)の諱(いみな)一字をもらって満基(みつもと)と称して以来、室町時代、江戸時代を通じて代々足利・徳川将軍の諱を一字もらうことを例とした。江戸時代の知行高(ちぎょうだか)は1700石。明治維新後、公爵を授けられた。

［飯倉晴武］

(2)藤原氏の一族、御子左(みこひだり)家の子孫（鎌倉後期～南北朝時代）の家名。定家(ていか)の子為家(ためいえ)の長男為氏(ためうじ)を祖とする。定家の二条京極邸の中の二条大路側の家を伝領したゆえの名で、「二条」と号したのは子の為世(ためよ)からである（為氏は「藤原」とのみ）が、同じく為家の子為教(ためのり)の京極家、為相(ためすけ)の冷泉(れいぜい)家にそろえて為氏からをさすのが普通。俊成(しゅんぜい)・定家以来の歌道師範家の嫡流として重きをなし、両統分立以後は京極・冷泉家（派）が持明院統(じみょういんとう)と結び付いたので、いきおい大覚寺統と結び付き、為氏が『続拾遺集』を撰(えら)んで以来、代々勅撰(ちょくせん)撰者となった。

　南北朝分裂後、北朝で一時勢力を失ったが、為定(ためさだ)（為世の孫）が将軍足利尊氏(たかうじ)の支持を得てふたたび師範家となり、3勅撰集をなした。しかし南北朝時代末期に人材を欠き、あるいは殺害されて断絶した。

［福田秀一］

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