A polynomial in several variables x1 , x2 , ... , xn , such as x1 ^ 2 + 4 x1 x2 + x2 ^2 = x1 ^ 2 + 2 x1 x2 + 2 x2 x1 + x2 ^ 2 , where all terms are quadratic terms, is called a quadratic form in x1 , x2 , ..., xn . A quadratic form can be expressed as follows using a symmetric matrix ( a matrix that satisfies S = tS , where tS is the transpose matrix of S ). In the above example, Q is called a quadratic form determined by S. Hereafter, we will abbreviate it as ( x1 , ..., xn ) = x . Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
x12+4x1x2+x22=x12+2x1x2+2x2x1+x22のように,いくつかの変数x1,x2,……,xnの多項式で,すべての項が二次の項だけからなるものをx1,x2,……,xnについての二次形式という。二次形式は対称行列(S=tSを満たす行列。ここでtSはSの転置行列)を用いて,と表される。上の例では,である。QのことをSで決まる二次形式という。以下,(x1,……,xn)=xと略記することにする。
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