This refers to a condition in which skeletal muscle fibers are locally torn, and is known as one of the sports injuries. It occurs when the muscle is suddenly and strongly contracted or extended, such as when running, jumping, or starting. It is often seen in thigh muscles such as the semimembranosus and quadriceps in sprinters, hurdlers, and soccer players, while it is more likely to occur in the triceps surae in middle- and long-distance runners. A sudden, electric shock-like, intense pain occurs in the muscle belly, and a hard lump can be felt at the injured area, but if the muscle fibers or fascia are torn, a depression can be felt. When the muscle is contracted, painful functional disorders are observed, and subcutaneous bleeding may also be observed. It is said to occur more often on cold days when the ground is hard and the spikes on shoes are too long, and can be triggered by changes in temperature or sudden, powerful muscle contractions. Localized rest of the torn area is important for treatment, and taping or compression bandages are effective for athletes. After 2-3 days of cold compresses, switch to hot compresses, and begin hot bath massages after 1 week. It takes about 3 weeks to 1 month for the muscle to fully recover. Preventive measures include doing sufficient warm-up exercises. [Kyojiro Araki] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
骨格筋の筋線維が局所的に断裂した状態をいい、スポーツ外傷の一つとして知られる。ランニング、ジャンプ、スタート時など急に筋肉を強く収縮したり伸展した場合に発生する。短距離、ハードル、サッカーなどの選手では半膜様筋や大腿(だいたい)四頭筋など大腿部の筋肉に多くみられ、中・長距離選手では下腿三頭筋におこりやすい。 筋腹の部分に突然電撃様の激痛がおこり、受傷部位に硬結を触れるが、筋線維や筋膜が断裂したときには陥凹を触れる。筋を収縮させると疼痛(とうつう)性の機能障害がみられ、皮下出血を認めることもある。寒い日、グラウンドが堅く、靴のスパイクが長すぎるときに多いとされており、気温の変化や急激な力強い筋収縮などが誘因となる。治療としては断裂部局所の安静が重要で、スポーツ選手の場合はテーピングや圧迫包帯が効果的である。2、3日の冷湿布ののち、温湿布にかえ、1週間後から温浴マッサージを始める。完全に筋肉が回復するには3週間から1か月くらいかかる。十分に準備体操を行うことが予防となる。 [荒木京二郎] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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