Shimizu Shikin

Novelist. Her real name was Toyo. She was born in Okayama Prefecture as the third daughter of Shimizu Magotaro Sadamitsu. In 1881 (Meiji 14), she graduated from the Kyoto Prefectural First Girls' High School Elementary School Teacher's Department, Department of Rites. In 1885, she married Okazaki Harumasa (some say her real name was Masaharu), a civil rights advocate (lawyer). She participated in the Great Unity Movement in Nara and was active in expanding women's rights. In 1889, she divorced Okazaki, moved to Tokyo, and joined Jogaku Zasshisha, run by Iwamoto Yoshiharu. She wrote travelogues under the names of Shimizu Toyoko, Ikuno Fumiko, Tsuyuko, and others. In 1891, her debut novel as an author, Koware Yubiwa (A Broken Ring), was published in Jogaku Zasshi and was well received. In 1892, she remarried Kozai Yoshinao (later the president of the University of Tokyo). She contributed novels, essays, impressions, and other works to various magazines, many of which were backed by a strong sense of human rights. His last writing was "Immigrant School" in 1999.

[Yoshimi Shuuko]

"Yamaguchi Reiko, 'Crying and Telling My Beloved Sisters - The Life of Kozai Shikin' (1977, Sodo Bunka)" ▽ "'The Complete Works of Shimizu Shikin', 1 Volume (1983, Sodo Bunka)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

小説家。本名とよ。清水孫太郎貞幹の三女として岡山県に生まれる。1881年（明治14）京都府立第一高等女学校小学師範諸礼科卒業。85年民権家の代言人（弁護士）岡崎晴正（正晴との説もある）と結婚。奈良の大同団結運動に参加し女権拡張のために活躍した。89年岡崎と離別、上京して巌本善治(いわもとよしはる)主宰の女学雑誌社に入社。清水豊子のほか生野ふみ子、つゆ子などの名で探訪記などを執筆。91年作家としての処女作『こわれ指輪』を『女学雑誌』に発表し好評を博した。92年古在由直(こざいよしなお)（後の東大総長）と再婚。小説、随筆、感想などを諸誌に寄稿、強い人権意識に裏打ちされた作品が多い。99年『移民学園』以後絶筆。

［吉見周子］

『山口玲子著『泣いて愛する姉妹に告ぐ――古在紫琴の生涯』（1977・草土文化）』▽『『清水紫琴全集』全1巻（1983・草土文化）』

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